DAWN KASPER, “MICHELLE FRANCO” (2003), ANNA HELWING GALLERY, CHICAGO ART FAIR. Photo courtesy of David Lewis Gallery.

Around the turn of the millennium, when she was twenty-three, the artist Dawn Kasper began picturing herself dead. Then a first-year graduate student at UCLA Arts, she was spending a great deal of time in isolation in her studio, and the rest of her time consuming material that revolved in some way around violence: video nasties, death-scene photographs by Weegee, Andy Warhol’s Death and Disaster silk screens, etc. Eventually, a nagging thought set in: However many entries she slotted into her ever-expanding mental Rolodex of female death scenes—Janet Leigh bleeding out in a motel bathtub, or Sherilyn Fenn having her pretty head cracked open in a car crash; Teri McMinn’s slender shoulders being sickeningly thumped onto a meat hook, or the sister in Catherine Breillat’s Fat Girl being slashed through with an axe—she would never have the opportunity to see her own death as a cinematic image. “I wanted to see what I looked like dead,” Kasper recalls in an email. “I began to feel afraid—not of my own mortality, but of never knowing how I might die.” It is not unusual for a first-year student, and a first-year art school student in particular, to be morbid. What was unusual about Kasper’s burgeoning obsession with death was her conviction that it might be possible to influence the circumstances of her own demise. She began to believe that if she could fake being killed in every possible scenario, she could cheat fate, as if anticipating all of death’s potential moves might neutralize them. “As a woman, I felt so out of control,” Kasper says of herself at that age. “I began to worry that I was crazy.”

I first heard about Dawn Kasper’s series Death Scenes via a fleeting mention on a podcast by the brilliant Irish critic Sean McTiernan. Curiously, I could find little in the way of documentation of the work online, save for a brief summary of the project on the artist’s Wikipedia page under the heading “Early work”: “For this series Kasper assumed a performative rigor mortis with a mise-en-scène reminiscent of B horror films and Weegee-eqsue crime scene photography.” The entry quotes art critic Rachel Mason: “For years, Dawn could be spotted, dead, at art events all over Los Angeles, in the tradition of Harold and Maude, sprawled out in an elaborate shrine to some horrific accident.” Kasper researched real accidents both as a means to ensure the visual and physical accuracy of her performances, and to exorcise her terror more completely. “I didn’t care so much about the audience,” she admits. “I wanted to feel; I wanted help. I guess looking back I was very selfish, because I just dumped all over them, and didn’t even look back or ask questions.”

Dawn Kasper, “The Motorcycle Accident” (2003), Anna Helwing Gallery. Photo courtesy of David Lewis Gallery.

If self-injury is in some way the ultimate use of the body as material, a rejection of personal safety and good sense in service of a higher and more significant goal, the act of dying (or “dying”) in public might be the most perfect and most crystalline expression of that impulse. Other artists have come close. The famous poet and performer Bob Flanagan—who suffered from cystic fibrosis, and who claimed that his passionate love of S&M was what allowed him to outlive his terminal prognosis by two decades—gestured to his imminent death again and again in his work, with coffins and obituaries and hospital beds recurring as motifs. In his ideal artwork, he informs the audience in the 1997 documentary Sick, “I’d be buried with a video camera … in a tomb,” with a connection from the camera to a video monitor. The piece would be called The Viewing, “and every so often someone [could] walk into the room and turn on a switch, and see how I’m progressing.” Doctors had told Flanagan that he would die at twenty-five, right around the age Dawn Kasper was when she first became obsessed with recreating her own hypothetical expiry. If her youthful mania was about prevention, Flanagan’s felt more like goading, a seduction. “I keep thinking I’m dying, I’m dying,” he wrote in his diaristic book of sickness, The Pain Journal. “But I’m not, I’m not—not yet.” Both artists have channeled a sense of terrible helplessness into a form of personal and creative empowerment, the results provocative precisely because they beckon something we are naturally inclined to avoid.

Dawn Kasper, “The Boating Accident” (2003), Highways. Photo courtesy of David Lewis Gallery.

When Kasper sent me photographs of the Death Scenes performances, I found myself thinking of Susan Sontag’s assertion, in 2003’s Regarding the Pain of Others, that “the appetite for pictures showing bodies in pain is as keen, almost, as the desire for ones that show bodies naked.” Kasper’s tableaux are startlingly visceral, but the resulting images are also as cinematic and visually seductive as the kind of horror-themed high-fashion shoots photographers Steven Klein and Steven Meisel were producing in the naughts. Sontag also said that pornography was in fact not about sex but about death, and the meticulous way Kasper styles her setups suggests a similar blurring of these themes, each coolly fetishized scene functioning as a commentary on the commodification of dead women and the sometimes titillating way they are presented on the news or in the movies. “I have a difficult time with how women are treated and depicted in this country,” she says. “They are so often put down; abused; used and then discarded.” The Death Scenes are abreactive; the trauma they relive and thus expunge is not that of the actual experience being depicted but that of women in toto: a sensation of being constantly at risk, on show, moments from a crash.

Dawn Kasper, “The Car Crash” (2003), Track 16; Bergamont Station. Photo courtesy of David Lewis Gallery.

“I always thought it was so funny when I lay there in a pool of fake blood for hours and hours while people talked, laughed, and got drunk at art openings,” Kasper recalls. “Then, when the openings were over, I’d get up, and people would thank me for the work, or tell me that they enjoyed the performance. It always felt so surreal. I felt like a phony, a fake, a liar; I felt like the court fool or jester, like the monkey that dances for coins. I realized that I was doing it all to myself, and it was all my fault. I was making myself feel this way, and for what? For art?” Like Flanagan’s work, Kasper’s performances are not just riotously punk but also very funny. Both practitioners make it easy to see why Plato once characterized the act of laughing as the physical expression of the “mixture of pleasure and pain that lies in the malice of amusement.” Are the Death Scenes malicious? Yes and no—they are pointed and satirical, but their execution is undignified and uncomfortable enough to suggest an element of masochism, and that muddling of righteous anger and amusing self-debasement is the key to their success. “Cheating death, or faking it to make a living,” Kasper writes, with what I imagine is a shrug, in the last line of our correspondence. “It’s so silly to think about it all this way now. I guess I thought I was making a point.”

Dawn Kasper, “Michelle Franco” (2003), Anna Helwing Gallery, Chicago Art Fair. Photo courtesy of David Lewis Gallery.