{"id":98258,"date":"2016-05-17T15:46:48","date_gmt":"2016-05-17T19:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=98258"},"modified":"2016-05-17T16:05:57","modified_gmt":"2016-05-17T20:05:57","slug":"the-shakespeare-garden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/","title":{"rendered":"The Shakespeare Garden"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98266\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-98266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2.jpg 993w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2-768x496.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Perhaps you ran across a story in today\u2019s\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em> about\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/17\/science\/emily-dickinson-lost-gardens.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">re-creating Emily Dickinson\u2019s Amherst garden<\/a>. Historians are discovering the layout of the family\u2019s conservatory and planting heirloom varieties of fruit trees that would\u2019ve grown in the orchard. Dickinson was apparently a prolific gardener\u2014a talented amateur naturalist who attended carefully to her studies of the natural world. The article explains that her expertise \u201cprofoundly shaped her poetry\u201d:\u00a0<!--more--><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>As Farr wrote, her gardens \u201coften provided her with the narratives, tropes, and imagery she required.\u201d In her 1,789 poems, Dickinson refers to plants nearly 600 times and names more than eighty varieties, sometimes by genus or species. In her more than 350 references to flowers, the rose is most frequent, but Dickinson was also fond of humble plants like dandelions, clover and daisies. She used the latter two as symbols for herself in letters and poems. \u201cThe career of flowers differs from ours only in inaudibleness,\u201d she wrote. \u201cI feel more reverence as I grow for these mute creatures whose suspense or transport may surpass our own.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>For me, the concept of the literary garden evokes Shakespeare, who lived during a major landscaping craze\u2014though the Shakespeare Garden is a relatively modern phenomenon. These gardens can refer to one of a few things: some, like Central Park\u2019s, are planted with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybg.org\/gardens\/home-gardening\/tips\/shakespeare-garden.php\" target=\"_blank\">the different flora mentioned in all Shakespeare\u2019s work<\/a>\u2014rosemary, pansies, red and white roses. Others\u2014the Folger Shakespeare Library\u2019s Elizabethan Garden\u2014are landscaped after the formal fashions of his lifetime. Still others (such as that of Pittsburgh\u2019s Mellon Park) are devoted to herbs and medicinal plantings. Many have quotations; some rely on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.funtrivia.com\/trivia-quiz\/Literature\/Shakespeares-Garden-170114.html\" target=\"_blank\">the memories of the visitor<\/a>, or only wish to transport. At the Anne Hathaway cottage near Stratford-upon-Avon, you can sit in the arboretum and listen to recordings\u00a0of several sonnets.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Evanston, Illinois, claims America\u2019s first Shakespeare Garden. Cleveland built a celebrated version in honor of Shakespeare\u2019s\u00a0tercentenary anniversary, 1916. Central Park added its own the same year; both involved cuttings from a mulberry said to have come from Shakespeare\u2019s property. In the early twenties, a Shakespeare Garden was built, appropriately, at the Bard\u2019s final home, New Place. The landscape gardener Ernest Law based his design on a sixteenth-century engraving, although the vibe is as much storybook as historic. In any case, Shakespeare Gardens became all the rage, so much so that E. F. Benson gives one to his ever-pretentious heroine, Mrs. Emmeline Lucas, in 1931\u2019s\u00a0<em>Mapp and Lucia<\/em>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>There were \u201cviolets dim,\u201d and primroses and daffodils, which came before the swallow dared and took the winds (usually of April) with beauty.\u00a0But now in June the swallow had dared long ago, and when spring and the daffodils were over, Lucia always allowed Perdita\u2019s garden a wider, though still strictly Shakespearian scope.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Shakespeare Garden was particularly popular in the States, and to this day one can find them on campuses, in parks, and at Shakespeare Festivals across America. (<a href=\"https:\/\/vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu\/buildings-grounds\/grounds\/shakespeare-garden.html\" target=\"_blank\">Vassar\u2019s garden<\/a>\u2014also created in 1916\u2014was created in part by students of botany and Shakespeare.) It\u2019s hard to know how many home gardens survive\u2014or were left to languish, a picturesque remnant of an old world devastated by war. Here is part of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.clevelandmemory.org\/ebooks\/tpap\/pg39.html\" target=\"_blank\">the account<\/a>\u00a0of the opening ceremonies for Cleveland\u2019s Shakespeare Garden in 1916:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A group of high school pupils in Elizabethan costume escorted the guests to the garden entrance and stood guard during the planting of the dedicatory elms. In his formal talk, Mr. Sothen urged storytelling days for children in the public parks. Miss Marlowe climaxed the proceedings by her readings of Perdita\u2019s flower scene from \u201cWinter\u2019s Tale,\u201d the fifty-fourth sonnet of Shakespeare, and verses from the \u201cStar-Spangled Banner.\u201d Her leading of all present in the singing of the national anthem brought the impressive event to a close.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Sadie Stein is contributing editor of <\/em>The Paris Review<em>, and the <\/em>Daily<em>\u2019s correspondent.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perhaps you ran across a story in today\u2019s\u00a0New York Times about\u00a0re-creating Emily Dickinson\u2019s Amherst garden. Historians are discovering the layout of the family\u2019s conservatory and planting heirloom varieties of fruit trees that would\u2019ve grown in the orchard. Dickinson was apparently a prolific gardener\u2014a talented amateur naturalist who attended carefully to her studies of the natural [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":178,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13115],"tags":[6420,16310,2056,22402,22401,19911,22400,2295],"class_list":["post-98258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-our-daily-correspondent","tag-e-f-benson","tag-elizabethan-england","tag-emily-dickinson","tag-ernest-law","tag-evanston","tag-gardens","tag-shakespeare-gardens","tag-william-shakespeare"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The History of the Shakespeare Garden<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sadie Stein on the phenomenon of the Shakespeare Garden.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Shakespeare Garden by Sadie Stein\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"May 17, 2016 \u2013 Perhaps you ran across a story in today\u2019s\u00a0New York Times about\u00a0re-creating Emily Dickinson\u2019s Amherst garden. Historians are discovering the layout of the\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-17T19:46:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-05-17T20:05:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"993\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"641\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sadie Stein\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sadie Stein\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sadie Stein\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/a1aef49f81bfc540a37e03590f3bb4d9\"},\"headline\":\"The Shakespeare Garden\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-17T19:46:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-05-17T20:05:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/\"},\"wordCount\":661,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/05\/17\/the-shakespeare-garden\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/shakespeare2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"E.F. 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