{"id":90823,"date":"2015-10-13T18:12:23","date_gmt":"2015-10-13T22:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=90823"},"modified":"2016-11-03T13:29:16","modified_gmt":"2016-11-03T17:29:16","slug":"i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/","title":{"rendered":"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

Proust, looking saucy.<\/p><\/div>\n

Richard Howard first appeared in <\/em>The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have found their way to these pages, and in 2004, J. D. McClatchy interviewed him for our Art of Poetry series<\/a>. In our Summer 1989 issue<\/a>, George Plimpton spoke with Howard about translating Proust.<\/em><\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

The first line of Remembrance of Things Past <\/em>is one of the most famous in literature. How does your version differ from the others?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

Three versions of Proust\u2019s first sentence\u2014\u201cLongtemps, je me suis couch\u00e9 de bonne heure<\/em>.\u201d\u2014have been published. The Scott Moncrieff-Kilmartin: \u201cFor a long time I used to go to bed early.\u201d James Grieve (an Australian professor): \u201cTime was, when I always went to bed early.\u201d And mine: \u201cTime and again, I have gone to bed early.\u201d<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

And what is the thinking behind your version?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

To begin with, \u201ctime and again\u201d seems one of those cell-like phrases which sums up a meaning of the whole book, as long-temps<\/em> does in French. I admire Professor Grieve\u2019s \u201ctime was\u201d, but it doesn\u2019t have the notion of recurrence that I wanted. It seemed to me that what was needed was not only an opening phrase which would reveal the book\u2019s meaning, but one that would begin with the word \u201ctime\u201d, which would be the last word in the book as well, as it is in French.\u00a0<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

Were there other considerations?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

Roger Shattuck has an essay about this, and Alfred Corn has explored it in his <\/em>essays too: in the whole book, the only use of the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 <\/em>occurs, to all intents and purposes, in the first sentence. Oh sometimes characters use this tense in speech, but the narrative is virtually never in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 <\/em>(je me suis couch\u00e9<\/em>). So that one hears a deliberate little jolt there; I wanted to echo that.<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

A bit of history: if one had to remark on C. K. Scott Moncrieff as a translator, would one give him good marks?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

Indeed. Very good. You know, he also translated a lot of Stendhal, as well as Chanson de Roland<\/em>. His translation was initially done on speculation\u2014because he admired the book so much. He sent it in to Chatto and Windus\u2014on speculation!<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

There must have been a number of people who tried \u2026<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

Ford Madox Ford said he would have liked to do it. He felt it was something he could have done. But as for the last volume, the actual translation \u2026 well, that\u2019s complicated. Scott Moncrieff had died after completing the first six parts, and the seventh, Le Temps Retrouv\u00e9<\/em>, was translated by Stephen Hudson (Sidney Schiff) in England, and by Frederick Blossom in America. Then this last part was translated anew by Andreas Mayor, and that\u2019s the one in print now. It was so good that there were plans to commission Mayor to do all the preceding parts, but then he died too. Even Terence Kilmartin, who revised the Scott Moncrieff version, developed a brain tumor (which he has survived). Of course I took all this into consideration when I began the translation\u2014I started with the last volume first. I thought that might just save me. Though the Mayor version is tough competition. I think it\u2019s the only part of the book where my version may not show up as better. With the other volumes, I have some reason to hope that my work will hold up very well.<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

When you translate, can you resist taking a peek to see how other translators have done it?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

I always look. I believe all translators do, in this situation. There\u2019s not much danger of coming up with the same words, unless it\u2019s a very simple sentence where there really is no choice. In Proust, the rhythm, the phrasing, the movement of the sentence, even the grammar\u2014it\u2019s all so complex that it would be almost impossible to repeat anyone else\u2019s work. Because of that I\u2019m all the more aware of the differences, and of how admirable Scott Moncrieff\u2019s work often is.<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

What about Professor Grieve?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

He began a new translation for the Australian National University in Canberra. I don\u2019t believe he knew that Kilmartin was revising Scott Moncrieff. He had completed the first part, which he too calls Swann\u2019s Way<\/em>, before he found out. I don\u2019t think he\u2019s going on with it. Oddly enough, his lively translation is not very close to the French. It\u2019s more like an improvisation on Proustian themes\u2014and I don\u2019t feel that\u2019s what readers want. They want to read what Proust wrote. And as a translator, it seems to me, you have an obligation not to change, not to add \u2026 For instance, in that first sentence, Grieve adds the word \u201calways\u201d. I can\u2019t see doing that. And throughout, Grieve adds, rewrites really. Nonetheless, I take great interest in reading him, and the other translators. They\u2019re very helpful. Almost as helpful as the new French editors. Of course I don\u2019t feel it would be honorable not <\/em>to look at them. The honorable thing is to make as good a translation as you can. You get your \u201cgood\u201d wherever you find it.<\/p>\n

GP<\/p>\n

How many versions of the first line of Swann\u2019s Way <\/em>did you jot down before you decided what you wanted?<\/p>\n

RH<\/p>\n

Oh, dozens. And people keep offering me more. Most of my correspondents are pleasant enough about their suggestions (though sometimes people are quite acerb: they assure me I am not qualified to undertake the task, and offer me the right <\/em>version.) I remember one that began: \u201cRepeatedly I remained in bed \u2026 \u201d And I had a letter from one woman, a doctor, who admitted that she had never read Proust but who insisted she could tell from the French title that I didn\u2019t understand the book\u2019s subject. She had not read the book, but she knew \u2026 I think that once you propose a problem or a puzzle, there are always people who want to solve it their way, and who feel you have not examined certain concepts \u2026 I must say I have <\/em>given the matter a good deal of thought. I can\u2019t imagine a new solution that would surprise me. But I still get suggestions from the most varied sources. And of course that\u2019s fine. Perhaps everyone should translate Proust for himself\u2014that would be a good way of reading him, no?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have found their way to these pages, and in 2004, J. D. McClatchy interviewed him for our Art of Poetry series. In our Summer 1989 issue, George Plimpton spoke with Howard […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1188],"tags":[33,906,869,529,14,1132,16280,575,2003,530,14674],"class_list":["post-90823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-from-the-archive","tag-archives","tag-c-k-moncrieff","tag-english","tag-french","tag-george-plimpton","tag-interviews","tag-issue-111","tag-marcel-proust","tag-richard-howard","tag-translation","tag-translators"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRichard Howard and George Plimpton on Translating Proust<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust by Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"938\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dan Piepenbring\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6b16ca558fc538230f135c3220dfd3c8\"},\"headline\":\"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\"},\"wordCount\":1121,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"archives\",\"C. K. Moncrieff\",\"English\",\"French\",\"George Plimpton\",\"interviews\",\"Issue 111\",\"Marcel Proust\",\"Richard Howard\",\"translation\",\"translators\"],\"articleSection\":[\"From the Archive\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\",\"name\":\"Richard Howard and George Plimpton on Translating Proust\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"The Paris Review\",\"description\":\"The best prose, interviews, poetry, and art. Since 1953.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Paris Review\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png\",\"width\":696,\"height\":696,\"caption\":\"The Paris Review\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/parisreview\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/parisreview\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6b16ca558fc538230f135c3220dfd3c8\",\"name\":\"Dan Piepenbring\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6fde7ced443ba5b52db3b06239dca8a2eaeff111fccecd7bf483663c99d2762b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6fde7ced443ba5b52db3b06239dca8a2eaeff111fccecd7bf483663c99d2762b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dan Piepenbring\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/author\/dpiepenbring\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Richard Howard and George Plimpton on Translating Proust","description":"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust by Dan Piepenbring","og_description":"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/","og_site_name":"The Paris Review","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/","article_published_time":"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1500,"height":938,"url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dan Piepenbring","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@parisreview","twitter_site":"@parisreview","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dan Piepenbring","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/"},"author":{"name":"Dan Piepenbring","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6b16ca558fc538230f135c3220dfd3c8"},"headline":"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust","datePublished":"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00","dateModified":"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/"},"wordCount":1121,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg","keywords":["archives","C. K. Moncrieff","English","French","George Plimpton","interviews","Issue 111","Marcel Proust","Richard Howard","translation","translators"],"articleSection":["From the Archive"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/","name":"Richard Howard and George Plimpton on Translating Proust","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg","datePublished":"2015-10-13T22:12:23+00:00","dateModified":"2016-11-03T17:29:16+00:00","description":"October 13, 2015 \u2013 Richard Howard first appeared in The Paris Review in our thirteenth issue\u2014from the summer of 1956. Since then, several of his poems and translations have","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/proust.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/13\/i-have-gone-to-bed-early-translating-proust\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"I Have Gone to Bed Early: Translating Proust"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/","name":"The Paris Review","description":"The best prose, interviews, poetry, and art. Since 1953.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization","name":"The Paris Review","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png","width":696,"height":696,"caption":"The Paris Review"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/","https:\/\/x.com\/parisreview","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/parisreview"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6b16ca558fc538230f135c3220dfd3c8","name":"Dan Piepenbring","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6fde7ced443ba5b52db3b06239dca8a2eaeff111fccecd7bf483663c99d2762b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6fde7ced443ba5b52db3b06239dca8a2eaeff111fccecd7bf483663c99d2762b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dan Piepenbring"},"url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/author\/dpiepenbring\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90823"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104488,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90823\/revisions\/104488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}