{"id":90285,"date":"2015-09-28T09:13:08","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T13:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=90285"},"modified":"2015-09-28T14:02:29","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T18:02:29","slug":"a-period-equals-four-commas-and-other-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/09\/28\/a-period-equals-four-commas-and-other-news\/","title":{"rendered":"A Period Equals Four Commas, and Other News"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_90301\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90301\" class=\"wp-image-90301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma.jpg 1412w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma-1024x801.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-90301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo: Dvdgmz<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Today in reading and statecraft: What\u2019s <em>your <\/em>nation\u2019s official book? Think. There must be one. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/blogs\/nyrblog\/2015\/sep\/24\/prophet-reverse-borges\/\" target=\"_blank\">Each country chooses, prefers to be represented by a book<\/a>,\u201d Borges said, \u201calthough that book isn\u2019t usually characteristic of the country. For example, one regards Shakespeare as typically English. However, none of the typical characteristics of the English are found in Shakespeare. The English tend to be reserved, reticent, but Shakespeare flows like a great river, he abounds in hyperbole and metaphor\u2014he\u2019s the complete opposite of an English person.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Nothing causes more arguments than punctuation\u2014of all the typographical elements, it\u2019s ended the most marriages and caused the greatest number of bloody noses. But the contentions surrounding it have a rich history. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2015\/sep\/17\/making-a-point-pernickety-story-english-punctuation-david-crystal-review\" target=\"_blank\">Scribes started to\u00a0punctuate in order to make manuscripts easier to read aloud<\/a>: they were signaling pauses and intonational effects. Grammarians and, later, printers adopted the marks, and tried\u00a0to systematize them, as aids to semantic understanding on the page \u2026 The big four\u2014comma, semicolon, colon and full stop\u2014were for a long time, and insanely, regarded as precise measurements of a pause: a full stop was worth four commas.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aesop.com\/usa\/the-fabulist\/the-suburban-lawn\" target=\"_blank\">In praise of the suburban lawn<\/a>: \u201cEven when you are indoors a lawn makes its presence felt. There is a palette of green hovering in your periphery, just outside the panes; breezes enter through open windows and screen doors, carrying scents of pine and gasoline. I was always dimly aware of being surrounded by a cushion of space, a feeling I never have in the city. Deep in the night, the lawn carries on its own hidden life. Animals stage unheard battles. My father found a cat\u2019s head behind the shed. An unidentified predator dragged a chicken from a coop four backyards away, discarding the carcass, which looked like a crumpled Victorian hat, under my parent\u2019s bedroom window.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>In the late nineteenth century, Hugh Mangum began to roam the South with a Penny Picture camera, taking portraits of all comers. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aperture.org\/blog\/report-hugh-mangum\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mangum created an atmosphere\u2014respectful and often playful\u2014 in which hundreds of men, women, and children genuinely revealed their spirits<\/a> \u2026 Though the early twentieth-century American South in which he worked was marked by disenfranchisement, segregation, and inequality\u2014between black and white, men and women, rich and poor\u2014Mangum portrayed all of his sitters with candor, humor, and spirit. Above all, he showed them as individuals, and for that, his work\u2014largely unknown\u2014is mesmerizing. Each client appears as valuable as the next, no story less significant.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Let\u2019s talk about hair and its meanings, which are multiple, inscrutable, and, depending on whom you ask, probably sexual: \u201cIn his famous 1958 essay \u2018Magical Hair,\u2019 the anthropologist Edmund Leach developed a cross-cultural formula: \u2018<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newrepublic.com\/article\/122893\/notes-toward-theory-hair\" target=\"_blank\">Long hair = unrestrained sexuality; short hair or partially shaved head or tightly bound hair = restricted sexuality; closely shaved head = celibacy<\/a>.\u2019 Leach was deeply influenced by Freud\u2019s thoughts on phallic heads, although for him hair sometimes played an ejaculatory role as emanating semen.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today in reading and statecraft: What\u2019s your nation\u2019s official book? Think. There must be one. \u201cEach country chooses, prefers to be represented by a book,\u201d Borges said, \u201calthough that book isn\u2019t usually characteristic of the country. For example, one regards Shakespeare as typically English. However, none of the typical characteristics of the English are found [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2512],"tags":[17,19570,19568,4951,19569,2476,19567,100,11915,19323],"class_list":["post-90285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-on-the-shelf","tag-books","tag-edmund-leach","tag-grass","tag-hair","tag-hugh-mangum","tag-jorge-luis-borges","tag-lawns","tag-photography","tag-punctuation","tag-the-suburbs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Period Equals Four Commas, and Other Punctuation Disputes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This and more in today\u2019s roundup...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/09\/28\/a-period-equals-four-commas-and-other-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Period Equals Four Commas, and Other News by Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"September 28, 2015 \u2013 Today in reading and statecraft: What\u2019s your nation\u2019s official book? Think. There must be one. \u201cEach country chooses, prefers to be represented by a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2015\/09\/28\/a-period-equals-four-commas-and-other-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-09-28T13:13:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-28T18:02:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/joan_brossa_velodrom_camii_comma.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1412\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1105\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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