{"id":67209,"date":"2014-02-25T18:42:21","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T23:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=67209"},"modified":"2014-02-25T18:42:21","modified_gmt":"2014-02-25T23:42:21","slug":"all-the-parts-combined","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2014\/02\/25\/all-the-parts-combined\/","title":{"rendered":"All the Parts Combined"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_67222\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/colt-patent.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-67222\" class=\" wp-image-67222\" alt=\"colt patent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/colt-patent.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/colt-patent.png 2231w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/colt-patent-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/colt-patent-1024x776.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-67222\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram from the Colt Revolver patent, 1836<\/p><\/div>\n<p>178 years ago today, in 1836, Samuel Colt was granted <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/USX9430#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\">a U.S. patent for his revolver<\/a>, which he called \u201ca new and useful Improvement in Fire-Arms,\u201d those most brutally useful of devices. As <em>EDN\u00a0<\/em>(<em>Electrical D<\/em>e<em>sign News<\/em>) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.edn.com\/electronics-blogs\/edn-moments\/4407683\/Samuel-Colt-receives-patent-for-his-revolver--February-25--1836\" target=\"_blank\">noted last year<\/a>, Colt\u2019s design \u201cwas a more practical adaption of Elisha Collier&#8217;s earlier revolving flintlock. It included a locking pawl to keep the cylinder in line with the barrel, and a percussion cap that made ignition more reliable, faster, and safer than the previous designs.\u201d (This is much more edifying when you learn what a <em>pawl<\/em> is: \u201ca pivoted curved bar or lever whose free end engages with the teeth of a cogwheel or ratchet so that the wheel or ratchet can only turn or move one way.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>If you can refrain from asking yourself what sort of man would want to invent a more efficient killing machine, Colt\u2019s patent is worth reading, or at least skimming, for the sense it gives of technical writing in the mid-nineteenth century: it\u2019s a strict, unvarnished account of how a thing works, surprisingly direct in its syntax, and full of great machine-age terms like\u00a0<em>pawl<\/em>,\u00a0<em>arbor<\/em>, <em>shackle<\/em>,\u00a0<em>ratchet<\/em>, and <em>mainspring<\/em>. Today, when technical writing is a muddle of jargon and pleonasm, it\u2019s pleasing to see how accessible this patent is\u2014all the more so because it\u2019s such a famous invention. Granted, this isn\u2019t scintillating reading by any stretch of the imagination, but if you sat down with a tall urn of coffee and summoned your very best self\u2019s powers of concentration, you could actually <em>learn how to craft and operate a fucking gun<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Take this sentence, for example: \u201cFig. 9 is a spring, which holds the rod, Fig. 5, toward the hammer, that the connecting-rod may catch in a notch at the bottom of the hammer to hold it when set.\u201d See? Lucid, if not limpid. In other places, the simple declarative sentences accrue in rapid sequence, achieving an almost poetic cadence, or at least an admirable degree of compression: <!--more--><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Fig. 1 represents the mainspring. Fig. 2 is the stirrup to connect the mainspring with the hammer. Fig. 3 is the hammer. Fig. 4 is the lever for setting the lock. Fig. 5 is the discharging-trigger. Fig. 6 is the adopter. Fig. 7 is the spiral spring to draw back the adopter. Fig. 8 represents all the parts combined.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Compare that simplicity to the language of more contemporary patents, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8474360?dq=machine+gun&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=Rh0NU5SoKc3jsASZ54CoCA&amp;ved=0CDwQ6AEwAQ\" target=\"_blank\">this one<\/a>, for a \u201cremotely operable machine gun charging apparatus,\u201d granted last year:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Positional information with respect to the hook member <b>82<\/b> is generated by the forward and rearward switches <b>136<\/b> and <b>138<\/b> which are schematically depicted in phantom in FIG. 3A. When the hook member <b>82<\/b> is in its forward \u201carmed\u201d position, a bottom side portion of the stage structure <b>74<\/b> depresses the forward switch <b>136<\/b> which responsively transmits a position confirmation signal <b>156<\/b> to the armament control panel <b>132<\/b> and also causes the forward position indicator light <b>144<\/b> thereon to be illuminated.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Patents see language in its most utilitarian form. There\u2019s a part of me\u2014and I realize I may be quite alone in this\u2014that\u2019s captivated by the precision demanded of technical writing; this part of me could stand to read the stuff for hours. I can see myself, in old age, amassing a collection of, say, old radar systems manuals and reading them in my easy chair until I nod off. Such writing tends to bristle with potent nouns, all of them carefully calibrated, intensely compound, and entirely free of emotional valence. \u201cForward position indicator light.\u201d \u201cPosition confirmation signal.\u201d \u201cArmament control panel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The appeal in this sort of thing, if you don\u2019t see it, is summed up in of one of my favorite DeLillo quotations, a somber but delirious compilation of high-impact nouns from his short story \u201cHuman Moments in World War III\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>As the surface features unfurl I list them aloud by name. It is the only game I play in space, reciting the earth names, the nomenclature of contour and structure. Glacial scour, moraine debris. Shatter-coning at the edge of a multi-ring impact site. A resurgent caldera, a mass of castellated rimrock. Over the sand seas now. Parabolic dunes, star dunes, straight dunes with radial crests. The emptier the land, the more luminous and precise the names for its features. Vollmer says the thing science does best is name the features of the world.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>178 years ago today, in 1836, Samuel Colt was granted a U.S. patent for his revolver, which he called \u201ca new and useful Improvement in Fire-Arms,\u201d those most brutally useful of devices. As EDN\u00a0(Electrical Design News) noted last year, Colt\u2019s design \u201cwas a more practical adaption of Elisha Collier&#8217;s earlier revolving flintlock. It included a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[684],"tags":[12981,1889,12983,12979,12980,12978,12982],"class_list":["post-67209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-on-language","tag-12981","tag-don-delillo","tag-jargon","tag-patents","tag-revolvers","tag-samuel-colt","tag-technical-writing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Look at Colt\u2019s Revolver Patent, Granted 178 Years Ago Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"February 25, 2014 \u2013 178 years ago today, in 1836, Samuel Colt was granted a U.S. patent for his revolver, which he called \u201ca new and useful Improvement in Fire-Arms,\u201d those\" 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