{"id":65010,"date":"2014-01-22T11:58:21","date_gmt":"2014-01-22T16:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=65010"},"modified":"2014-02-03T18:04:21","modified_gmt":"2014-02-03T23:04:21","slug":"w-h-auden-at-the-92nd-street-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2014\/01\/22\/w-h-auden-at-the-92nd-street-y\/","title":{"rendered":"W.&thinsp;H. Auden at the 92nd Street Y"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><div id=\"attachment_65384\" style=\"width: 608px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Auden-11-6-1966-e1389893506460.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65384\" class=\"size-large wp-image-65073\" alt=\"W.&thinsp;H. Auden at the Poetry Center, 1966. Photo: Diane Dorr-Dorynek, courtesy of 92Y Unterberg Poetry Center  \" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Auden-11-6-1966-e1389893506460-776x1024.jpg\" width=\"598\" height=\"775\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-65384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">W.&thinsp;H. Auden at the Poetry Center, 1966. Photo: Diane Dorr-Dorynek, courtesy of 92Y Unterberg Poetry Center<\/p><\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201c<a title=\"75 at 75\" href=\"http:\/\/92yondemand.org\/Topic\/poetry-center-online\/\" target=\"_blank\">75 at 75<\/a>,\u201d a special project from the 92nd Street Y in celebration of the Unterberg Poetry Center\u2019s seventy-fifth anniversary, invites contemporary authors to listen to a recording from the Poetry Center\u2019s archive and write a personal response. Here, Cynthia Ozick reflects on W.\u2009H. Auden, whose readings she remembers attending as a Poetry Center subscriber in the fifties.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>There must be sorrow if there can be love. \u2014From \u201cCanzone\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ah, the fabled sixties and seventies! Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs! The glorious advent of Howling! Of Getting Stoned! The proliferation of Ginsbergian Exclamation Points! To secure the status of their literary subversion, these revolutionary decades were obliged, like the cadres of every insurrection, to denigrate and despise, and sometimes to blow up, their immediate predecessor, the fifties\u2014the middling middle, the very navel, of the twentieth century. The fifties, after all, were the Eisenhower years, stiff and small like Mamie\u2019s bangs (and just as dated), dully mediocre, constrained, consumerist, car-finned, conformist, forgettable, and stale as modernism itself. Randall Jarrell, one of its leading poets and critics, named this midcentury epoch \u201cThe Age of Criticism\u201d\u2014and what, however he intended it, could suggest prosiness more? And what is prosiness if not the negation of the lively, the living, the lasting, the daring, the true and the new? The reality was sublimely opposite. It was, in fact, the Age of Poetry, a pinnacle and an exaltation; there has not been another since. Its poets were more than luminaries\u2014they were colossi, their very names were talismans, and they rose before us under a halo of brilliant lights like figures in a shrine. It <i>was<\/i> a kind of shrine: the grand oaken hall, the distant stage and its hallowed lectern, the enchanted voices with their variegated intonations, the rapt listeners scarcely breathing, the storied walls themselves in trance\u2014this was the Poetry Center of the 92nd Street Y in the heart of the twentieth century. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/130872312&amp;color=ff6600&amp;auto_play=false&amp;show_artwork=true\" height=\"166\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>And bliss was it to be young and enraptured in the dusk of that cavernous arena, at twenty dollars per season ticket! It was the Age of Poetry precisely because it was still the age of form, when form, even when abandoned, was there to <i>be<\/i> abandoned. (Wild-hearted Allen Ginsberg knew and revered his progenitors, even as he tossed them to the winds.) And form, in those disparaged fifties, meant difficulty in the doing; meant the hard practice of virtuosity; meant the the plumbing of language for all its metamorphoses and undiscovered metrics; meant the heritage of knowledge; meant, in order to aspire to limitlessness, the pressure of limits\u2014rhyme, even rhyme, a thing of wit and brio, never an archaism. Poetry then had not yet fallen into its present slough of trivia and loss of encompassment, the herding of random images of minuscule perspective leading to a pipsqueak epiphany, a delirium of incoherence delivered, monotone upon monotone, in the cacophony of a slam. Instead, a procession of giants. Their names are lasting, their lines permanent, and their voices (fortunately) recorded\u2014voices idiosyncratic, distinct, and so luxuriant in their unlikeness that it is an astonishment to see so many so large all alive at once. They have nothing in common but their dazzling mastery. And behold, on this selfsame platform, T.\u2009S. Eliot\u2014a sacerdotal figure, the era\u2019s reigning literary pope, fake-Brit sonorities reverberating like a cathedral organ, grim and tragic, and as funereal as a marble tomb. And then W.\u2009H. Auden, capaciously contrapuntal, though they lived in consonance, Eliot born in 1888, Auden in 1907, Eliot an American who chose England, Auden an Englishman turned American. They died eight years apart and knew the same world, the same political dooms, and the same return to the metaphysics of Christianity. On that broad stage, Auden seemed at the time a lesser god: only Eliot could fill, as he once did, a football stadium. The public Eliot was a venerated monument that loomed unforgivingly, while Auden, even in public, had an air of plainness. Auden\u2019s reading was <i>spoken<\/i>; it had almost a kind of casualness, a flatness, a matter-of-factness. He read poetry as if he were reading prose. He refused the vatic and the flamboyant. \u201cI must try to eliminate from my own poetry false emotion, inflated rhetoric, empty sonorities,\u201d he once wrote. And in an interview: \u201cPoetry is not self-expression.\u201d Eliot\u2019s thundering fame has since shrunk to a period datum, or, as in <i>The Four Quartets<\/i>, a mystical haze. But Auden, the most copious poet in English of the last century, unequaled for variety and scope\u2014drama, lyric, ballad, sonnet, libretto, villanelle, and more\u2014is the touchstone for all serious poets writing now. And more: he is the necessary antithesis of Eliot. How clearly, two or three generations on, we can feel this! When the Twin Towers were felled by jihadist terror, and the world of American self-confidence ended not with a whimper but with a civilization-shattering bang, it was not <em>The Wasteland<\/em> that was invoked to toll the bell of mourning. Not \u201cLondon Bridge is falling down falling down falling down \u2026 <i>shantih shantih shantih<\/i>,\u201d that melancholic jigsaw of allusions, but the hard mundane despairing concrete <i>presentness<\/i> of Auden\u2019s \u201cSeptember 1, 1939\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>On Fifty-second Street Uncertain and afraid As the clever hopes expire Of a low dishonest decade: Waves of anger and fear Circulate over the bright And darkened lands of the earth, Obsessing our private lives; The unmentionable odor of death Offends the September night.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Here there are no symbols, no arcane \u201cobjective correlative.\u201d Invasion and war, violence and dread, horizon and olfactory nerve, place and time\u2014the kernel of the hour, its history and politics\u2014are intimately knotted in these plainspoken lines, open and direct and quick with fury. And never portentous in the way of a shrouded haruspex. Elsewhere, Auden\u2019s dry satiric voice can seize boisterously and shamelessly on the vernacular, capsizing the lyrical with a trickster\u2019s parodic quip:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Goddess of bossy underlings, Normality! What murders are committed in thy name! Totalitarian is thy state Reality, Reeking of antiseptics and the shame Of faces that all look and feel the same. Thy Muse is one unknown to classic histories, The topping figure of the hockey mistress. \u2014From \u201cLetter to Lord Byron\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Though it may require a British staccato to rhyme <em>mistress<\/em> with <em>histories<\/em>, the syncopated excitement of such a melange of constructs, balanced by modulating couplets and quatrains, is Auden\u2019s signature; or call it the audaciously conflicting cadences of his breathing. His politics is metaphysics, his metaphysics is history, his history is humanity adrift in a labyrinth of its own making. In his heroic abundance he will catch hold of any form\u2014or invent a new one\u2014to assess, judge, condemn, praise, ruminate, fulminate, love; and once, in the name of literature, forgive:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Time that is intolerant Of the brave and the innocent, And indifferent in a week To a beautiful physique, Worships language and forgives Everyone by whom it lives; Pardons cowardice, conceit, Lays its honors at their feet. Time that with this strange excuse Pardoned Kipling and his views, And will pardon Paul Claudel, Pardons him for writing well. \u2014From \u201cOn the Death of Yeats\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>No thought or feeling or concept eludes Auden: death, dream, doubt, loss, beauty, sex, love, fear, appetite, flight, wrath, hope, yearning, refuge, bliss, catastrophe, homage, savagery, pity, heritage, exile, nightmare\u2014every motion, motive, and emotion of the range and plethora of human endurance. In one of his most impassioned elegies, addressed in supplication to the spirit of Henry James\u2014\u201cO stern consul of intractable provinces, \/ O poet of the difficult, dear addicted artist\u201d\u2014he contemplates the flooding in of all that the world contains or intimates, its \u201chinted significant forms\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>As I stand awake on our solar fabric, That primary machine, the earth, which gendarmes, banks, And aspirin presupposes, On which the clumsy and sad may all sit down, and any who will Say their a-ha to the beautiful, the common locus Of the master and the rose. Our theatre, scaffold,and erotic city And all the infirm species and partners in the act Of encroachment bodies crave Though solitude in death is <i>de rigueur<\/i> for their flesh And the self-denying hermit flies as it approaches Like the carnivore to a cave, That its plural numbers may unite in meaning, Its vulgar tongues unravel the knotted mass Of the improperly conjunct, Open my eyes to all its hinted significant forms Sharpen my ears to detect amid its brilliant uproar The low thud of the defunct. . . . All will be judged. Master of nuance and scruple, Pray for me and for all writers, living and dead; Because there are many whose works Are in better taste than their lives; because there is no end To the variety of our calling; make intercession For the treason of all clerks.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>These are verses that can be understood, beyond the literary invocation that is their conceit, as philosophical advocacy, or even as a kind of crooked incantation, forsaking easy eloquence. They decline to chant or sing, and never has rhyme been so inconspicuous, while at the same time insinuating its sly and stealthy beat. Auden is a poet\u2014no, <i>the<\/i> poet\u2014of unembarrassed intellect. Ideas are his emotions, emotions are his ideas. His successors and inheritors can be named in an uncommonly short list\u2014contemporary poets for whom the lyrical ear and the all-seeing eye and the mind in fever are entwined with the breath and breadth of the world; and to whom history, that multitudinous ghost, is no stranger. Perhaps there is no extant recording of Auden reading \u201cAt the Grave of Henry James\u201d on the august stage of the 92nd Street Y half a century ago. Or perhaps there is. Still, whatever it was that we anointed listeners were once blessed to hear, the timbre and the rasp, and the Hurrah and the Alas, of the poet\u2019s voice can be found again in these plain lines:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u2026 Only the past Is present, no one about but the dead as, Equipped with a few inherited odds and ends, One after another we are Fired into life to seek the unseen target where all Our equivocal judgments are judged and resolved in One whole Alas or Hurrah.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em><a title=\"Cynthia Ozick | The Paris Review\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/interviews\/2693\/the-art-of-fiction-no-95-cynthia-ozick\">Cynthia Ozick<\/a> is the author of novels, essays, and short stories. Her most recent novel is<\/em> <a title=\"Foreign Bodies\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indiebound.org\/book\/9780547435572\/cynthia-ozick\/foreign-bodies?aff=theparisreview\" target=\"_blank\">Foreign Bodies<\/a>. <em>Listen to audio\u00a0<em>of <a title=\"The Paris Review | 92Y\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/92Y\">onstage conversations<\/a> with writers\u2014many of which became the foundation of <\/em><\/em>The Paris Review<em>\u2019s Writers-at-Work interviews\u2014as part of our copresentation with the <a href=\"http:\/\/92yondemand.org\/Topic\/poetry-center-online\/\" target=\"_blank\">92Y\u2019s Unterberg Poetry Center<\/a>.<\/em> \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c75 at 75,\u201d a special project from the 92nd Street Y in celebration of the Unterberg Poetry Center\u2019s seventy-fifth anniversary, invites contemporary authors to listen to a recording from the Poetry Center\u2019s archive and write a personal response. Here, Cynthia Ozick reflects on W.\u2009H. Auden, whose readings she remembers attending as a Poetry Center subscriber [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":635,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2157],"tags":[11557,699,5227,3462,165,1681,605,1772,2160],"class_list":["post-65010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-on-poetry","tag-92y","tag-allen-ginsberg","tag-audio","tag-cynthia-ozick","tag-poetry","tag-randall-jarrell","tag-readings","tag-t-s-eliot","tag-w-h-auden"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>W. H. Auden at the 92nd Street Y<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Author Cynthia Ozick reflects on W.\u2009H. 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