{"id":62609,"date":"2013-11-18T13:15:13","date_gmt":"2013-11-18T18:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=62609"},"modified":"2014-03-08T15:02:58","modified_gmt":"2014-03-08T20:02:58","slug":"recapping-dante-canto-7-or-hell-by-the-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/11\/18\/recapping-dante-canto-7-or-hell-by-the-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"Recapping Dante: Canto 7, or Hell by the Numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_62613\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/canto7large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62613\" class=\"size-full wp-image-62613 \" alt=\"Virgil rebukes Plutus \" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/canto7large.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/canto7large.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/canto7large-300x244.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-62613\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gustave Dor\u00e9, &#8220;Virgil rebukes Plutus at the entrance to the fourth circle,&#8221; 1885.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>This fall, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/09\/30\/fall-sweeps\/\" target=\"_blank\">we\u2019re recapping<\/a> the <\/em>Inferno<em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0385496982\/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=0385496982&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=theparrev0f-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read along<\/a>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Canto 7 opens with Plutus, the god of wealth, babbling unintelligibly at Dante and Virgil. <i>Pape Sat\u00e0n, pape Sat\u00e0n, aleppe!<\/i>, he shouts, a phrase that has left readers and scholars baffled ever since it was written. Many offer their own interpretations, but there is never enough evidence for any critic to settle definitively on a single meaning. Virgil, however, responds to Plutus as though the cry is somehow intelligible to him;\u00a0Plutus doesn\u2019t want to let the pair pass because he has been tasked with keeping the living out. Again, Virgil works some Roman magic and is able to pass by.<\/p>\n<p>This canto is one of the first instances in which the sinner\u2019s condition in the afterlife begins to correspond almost unambiguously to the sin committed. Here, Dante and Virgil come across avarice and prodigality. The Hollanders note that the reason the avaricious are shown with their hands closed is as a reminder of their greed. The prodigal have their hair cropped to show inattention to property. Virgil gives Dante a discourse on fortune, and, in brief, explains to Dante that fortune is impartial, and that the unlucky are quick to revile fortune, which Virgil suggests is a misguided aggression since in fact fortune couldn\u2019t care less what people have to say. The two carry on and stop at the Styx.<\/p>\n<p>But let\u2019s see what happens of we break this canto down. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Dante by the numbers:<\/p>\n<p>Lines: 130<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Virgil disarms a worker of Hell: 1 (line 8). Charon, Cerberus\u2014and now Plutus. Feels farfetched, and even a bit confusing because theological universes aren\u2019t particularly amenable to any sort of overlap.<\/p>\n<p>Number of similes: 2 (starting on lines 13, and 22). These similes are both nautical, one involving sails, and the other waves. Each simile is three lines long. By now, Dante has it down to a science.<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Dante is afraid: 1 (line 4).<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Dante feels sympathy: 1 (line 36).<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Virgil comforts Dante: 1 (line 4). This number feels low.<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Dante is confused and Virgil explains: 3 (stating on lines 37, 67, and 115)<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Dante admits to being confused: 2 (lines 37 and 67)<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Virgil calls Dante &#8220;Son&#8221;: 2 (lines 61 and 115)<\/p>\n<p>Number of sinner groups encountered: 3 (2, if you count the avaricious and the prodigal as the same, and then the wrathful)<\/p>\n<p>Number of major Greek mythological elements: 2 (Plutus, River Styx)<\/p>\n<p>Number of times Dante recognizes a sinner: 0. Seems unlikely, but in this canto, Dante may be trying to break away from this model for a bit by having Virgil announce that the sinners are probably too deformed in this circle to recognize.<\/p>\n<p><em>To catch up on our Dante series, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/dante\" target=\"_blank\">click here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Alexander Aciman is the author of <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.us.penguingroup.com\/static\/pages\/features\/twitterature.html\" target=\"_blank\">Twitterature<\/a><em>. He has written for the <\/em>New York Times<em>, <\/em>Tablet<em>, the <\/em>Wall Street Journal<em>, and <\/em>TIME<em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/acimania\" target=\"_blank\">@acimania<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This fall, we\u2019re recapping the Inferno. Read along! Canto 7 opens with Plutus, the god of wealth, babbling unintelligibly at Dante and Virgil. Pape Sat\u00e0n, pape Sat\u00e0n, aleppe!, he shouts, a phrase that has left readers and scholars baffled ever since it was written. Many offer their own interpretations, but there is never enough evidence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[11951,5861,2930,11950,11988],"class_list":["post-62609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-alexander-aciman","tag-aristotle","tag-dante","tag-divine-comedy","tag-inferno"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Recapping Dante: Canto 7, or Hell by the Numbers by Alexander Aciman<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"November 18, 2013 \u2013 This fall, we\u2019re recapping the Inferno. Read along! Canto 7 opens with Plutus, the god of wealth, babbling unintelligibly at Dante and Virgil. 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