{"id":54205,"date":"2013-06-11T15:00:13","date_gmt":"2013-06-11T19:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=54205"},"modified":"2013-06-11T15:00:13","modified_gmt":"2013-06-11T19:00:13","slug":"faulkner-cubed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/","title":{"rendered":"Faulkner, Cubed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-54217\" alt=\"FaulknerLetterLarge\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Today, Sotheby\u2019s is auctioning off a collection of sixteen letters and ten postcards that William Faulkner wrote from Europe to his family in Oxford, Mississippi, chronicling his first trip to the Continent in the early fall of 1925. The collection of handwritten correspondence\u2014which includes sketched self-portraits, as well as Faulkner\u2019s musings on growing a beard (\u201cmakes me look sort of distinguished\u201d) and dining alone in his hotel room (\u201chere I sit with spaghetti\u201d)\u2014is expected to fetch between $250,000 and $350,000.<\/p>\n<p>The collection seems to provide glimpses of a relatable, human Faulkner: a twenty-eight-year-old who went to nightclubs, griped about money, and signed off as \u201cBilly.\u201d Yet the letters also hint at the profound influence that this trip&mdash;specifically, the modernist painting Faulkner first saw in Paris&mdash;would have on his fiction. In a letter dated September 22, 1925, he writes, \u201cI have seen Rodin\u2019s museum, and two private collections of Matisse and Picasso (who are yet alive and painting) as well as numberless young and struggling moderns. And C\u00e9zanne! That man dipped his brush in light \u2026\u201d <!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_54225\" style=\"width: 244px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/faulkner_in_paris_l.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-54225\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-54225\" alt=\"Faulkner in Paris, 1925\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/faulkner_in_paris_l-234x300.jpg\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/faulkner_in_paris_l-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/faulkner_in_paris_l.jpg 398w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-54225\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faulkner in Paris, 1925.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Faulkner himself had an eye for art and a flair for visual expression; he drew and painted as a young man. And Picasso\u2019s (and his contemporary Georges Braque\u2019s) cubist project resonated with him. Beginning roughly after Picasso\u2019s revolutionary <em>Les Demoiselles d\u2019Avignon<\/em> in 1907 and ending about 1912, Picasso and Braque mainly produced paintings now classified as analytic cubism, representing a subject from multiple perspectives simultaneously. In May of 1912, Picasso glued a piece of oilcloth, printed with a pattern of woven chair caning, onto a canvas he had painted with a still life. Synthetic cubism\u2014the incorporation of found objects in a work to create a modernist collage\u2014was born. (It died two years later.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_54224\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/au-bon-marche-1913.jpgBlog.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-54224\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-54224\" alt=\"Pablo Picasso. &quot;Au Bon Marche,&quot; 1913\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/au-bon-marche-1913.jpgBlog-300x198.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/au-bon-marche-1913.jpgBlog-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/au-bon-marche-1913.jpgBlog.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-54224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pablo Picasso, <em>Au Bon Marche<\/em>, 1913.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Some critics argue that Faulkner deliberately modeled the structure of his earlier works, like <em>The Sound and the Fury<\/em> and <em>As I Lay Dying<\/em> along analytic-cubist lines. Just as Picasso and Braque fragment their canvases in an attempt to capture the subject from many perspectives at once, Faulkner shifts his narrative voice from one character to another, surrounding the plot from all sides while interrupting its flow. But little attention has been paid to whether Faulkner continues to trace the cubist trajectory in his later work (or, put differently, whether cubism remains a helpful interpretive framework for Faulkner\u2019s mature fiction). Was he a synthetic cubist, too?<\/p>\n<p>Recent findings continue to shed light on this. In later novels such as <em>Absalom, Absalom!<\/em> and<em> Go Down, Moses<\/em>, Faulkner excerpts texts\u2014such as letters, plantation ledgers, and diaries\u2014which he presents as written by characters within the realm of his fiction. In 2010, Sally Wolff-King, a professor at Emory University, made a surprising discovery: the ledger that Faulkner featured prominently in<em> Go Down, Moses<\/em> is heavily based on, and in some sections, nearly identical to, an actual plantation diary\u2014the diary of Francis Terry Leak, a nineteenth-century plantation diary also known as the Leak papers. Wolff-King writes that many names, dates, events, and anecdotes from the Leak papers remain unchanged in Faulkner&#8217;s novel.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/313_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-54228\" alt=\"313_1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/313_1-206x300.jpg\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/313_1-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/313_1.jpg 296w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a>Why Faulkner, who appeared to delight in discussing his creative process, chose to keep this source under wraps remains unclear. But Wolff-King gives us the missing piece to the literary cubist puzzle: Faulkner\u2019s splicing of found historical texts into his fictional narrative is analogous to Picasso\u2019s gluing an oilcloth to his illusionistic painted canvas\u2014both gestures can be considered forms of synthetic cubism. Faulkner, then, produced self-conscious literary collage.<\/p>\n<p>The notion of Faulkner&#8217;s engaging in literary synthetic cubism isn\u2019t merely an issue of semantics, hinging on abstract theory. Rather, it\u2019s a litmus test for how progressive we might understand Faulkner\u2019s work to have been\u2014and to be. And the question of Faulkner\u2019s relevance is indeed relevant, especially as his letters sit on the auction block.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lindsay Gellman is a writer living in New York City.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today, Sotheby\u2019s is auctioning off a collection of sixteen letters and ten postcards that William Faulkner wrote from Europe to his family in Oxford, Mississippi, chronicling his first trip to the Continent in the early fall of 1925. The collection of handwritten correspondence\u2014which includes sketched self-portraits, as well as Faulkner\u2019s musings on growing a beard [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":545,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[11084,11086,7165,11088,11085,4919,11083,11087,8025,3581],"class_list":["post-54205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-cezanne","tag-cubism","tag-ephemera","tag-francis-terry-leak","tag-georges-braque","tag-pablo-picasso","tag-rodin","tag-sally-wolff-king","tag-sothebys","tag-william-faulkner"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Faulkner, Cubed by Lindsay Gellman<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"June 11, 2013 \u2013 Today, Sotheby\u2019s is auctioning off a collection of sixteen letters and ten postcards that William Faulkner wrote from Europe to his family in Oxford,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Faulkner, Cubed by Lindsay Gellman\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"June 11, 2013 \u2013 Today, Sotheby\u2019s is auctioning off a collection of sixteen letters and ten postcards that William Faulkner wrote from Europe to his family in Oxford,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-06-11T19:00:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"396\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lindsay Gellman\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lindsay Gellman\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lindsay Gellman\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/3fdb6f63218538bb31565dceea8689a0\"},\"headline\":\"Faulkner, Cubed\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-06-11T19:00:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/\"},\"wordCount\":683,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2013\/06\/11\/faulkner-cubed\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/FaulknerLetterLarge.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cezanne\",\"Cubism\",\"ephemera\",\"Francis Terry Leak\",\"Georges Braque\",\"Pablo Picasso\",\"Rodin\",\"Sally Wolff-King\",\"sotheby's\",\"William Faulkner\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Arts &amp; 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