{"id":32278,"date":"2012-06-05T16:00:37","date_gmt":"2012-06-05T20:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=32278"},"modified":"2012-06-06T12:18:11","modified_gmt":"2012-06-06T16:18:11","slug":"hiding-in-plain-sight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2012\/06\/05\/hiding-in-plain-sight\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiding in Plain Sight"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

Hanna Shell in camo.<\/p><\/div>\n

Why do so many American soldiers look, as one Brooklynite at the office of Cabinet <\/em>magazine put it on a recent Friday, like they are trying to blend in to computer screens? The question was directed at Hanna Rose Shell<\/a>, a historian, filmmaker, and professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT, who had come to New York to talk about Hide and Seek: Camouflage, Photography, and the Media of Reconnaissance<\/a><\/em>. Cabinet <\/em>had arranged to host a reading and sound performance, which promised \u201ccamouflage paraphernalia galore.\u201d<\/p>\n

We soon found out the answer. It seems the pixelated, \u201cdigitized\u201d designs have been standard issue across the branches for a decade, while the iconic, splotchy pattern of green, brown, olive, and black seen in episodes of G.I. Joe<\/em> and the military-themed action movies of the 1980s is no longer predominant. Officially known as the Woodland pattern of the Army\u2019s M81 battle dress uniform, the older, iconic camo was initially designed, Shell found, to mimic the environment of a region in the Soviet Union where military researchers thought the Cold War would turn hot. Though no longer used to hide soldiers, close approximations of this earlier version can be found today on cargo shorts and Louis Vuitton luggage. It\u2019s been replaced with\u00a0a series of tiny squares and \u201cmicropatterns\u201d that mimic a digital photograph with poor resolution, with the idea that the new uniforms would be more difficult to detect in images produced by contemporary digital surveillance. Also, as a military camouflage expert admitted, \u201cthe boys think it looks cool.\u201d While each generation of camouflage has been developed for a specific physical environment, part of what Shell demonstrates in Hide and Seek<\/em> is that, in a more general way, camouflage has adapted in reaction to changes in photography and film technologies. The word itself first appeared in 1914, a derivation of\u00a0camoufler <\/em>(\u201cto diguise\u201d), coined by French artist Lucien-Victor Guirand de Sc\u00e9vola, a society portrait painter who led workers and civilian artists in France\u2019s military\u00a0section de camouflage<\/em>. It entered English the following year. Since then, as both photography and surveillance have grown into regular parts of civilian life, innovations in camouflage have marked efforts to become invisible in an increasingly visual age.<\/p>\n

Event goers arriving at Cabinet<\/em>\u2019s offices early had trouble finding Shell, who was especially well hidden in a clump of late rush-hour traffic on the BQE. After about twenty minutes, Sina Najafi, the magazine\u2019s editor-in-chief, came outside with an announcement\u2013\u201cShe\u2019s now in Brooklyn!\u201d\u2013and offered beer.<\/p>\n

Shell arrived, marched to a small stage area at the front of the room and, after some quick preparations, tossed what looked like a plastic bag full of folded burlap to a friend in the front row. \u201cCan you put this on?\u201d she asked. (His response: \u201cOnly if it\u2019s absolutely necessary.\u201d) The bag contained a ghillie suit, a head-to-toe outfit sometimes covered in twigs and underbrush, designed for hunters, birders, and snipers hoping to blend into their surroundings. By the midpoint of her reading, Shell had been coaxed into putting it on behind the podium, though she hadn\u2019t needed much prodding. Pointing to a projection of an instructional photograph that had been distributed by the British War Office in 1916, showing\u2013or, more accurately, not showing\u2013a sniper hiding in a grassy field, she asked, \u201cHow do you teach somebody, using photographs, using film, in fact at all, how do you teach somebody how not to be seen? The implication would seem to be that you\u2019re supposed to understand that if you needed to get lost in a similarly gravelly, grassy habitat, you would garnish yourself with local foliage, add face paint, and burrow behind grass under the rock.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ghillie suit.<\/p><\/div>\n

Her friend stood and opened the bag, pulling out one large piece of material designed for the sniper\u2019s body, and a smaller one made to cover her head. \u201cThis is a ghillie suit, which is a sniper suit,\u201d Shell continued. \u201cAnd, basically, if you were a sniper, or even if you were an amateur sniper, or if you just wanted to hide\u2013what I would suggest, if you wanted to hide in that photograph, honestly, is you would make yourself a suit like this, and there’s instructions right there.\u201d Cutting and stitching instructions, which Shell uncovered during archival research at England\u2019s Imperial War Museum, had been distributed to the audience. \u201cOkay, I\u2019ll wear it,\u201d she said. \u201cIf somebody else wears the hat. I don\u2019t think I can wear the hat. Does somebody else want to wear the hat? Well, all right, I\u2019ll try to wear the hat.\u201d<\/p>\n

She stepped into the suit, which she pulled over her jeans, and reached for a pile of leaves and branches near her laptop to demonstrate how a hunter could attach brush for hiding in a woodsy area. The suit seemed to be an odd fit. \u201cI don\u2019t know, I haven\u2019t worn\u2013I used to wear this all the time<\/em>. But I haven\u2019t worn it in a while,\u201d she said. A few hands went up, and she answered questions while fumbling with the burlap. \u201cUm, okay, well, more questions, then, while this is\u2014I think somebody else wore this<\/em>! Now, I don\u2019t know if I’ll be able to do this for, for too long, cause it\u2019s a little stuffy in here. Making ghillie suits is really fun. If we had more time I\u2019d walk you through it. But, we don\u2019t. If anyone wants to put this one on, though, you\u2019re welcome to try it,\u201d she said. She let out a high, squeaky laugh. \u201cEspecially, like, in a few minutes.\u201d Dressed for the woods, Shell continued more or less where she had left off, talking into a microphone clipped under the headpiece and looking at the audience through a narrow slit at eye level.<\/p>\n

After aerial photography and reconnaissance became a part of the first World War, Shell explained, \u201cthe issue of how to hide from these cameras really takes over. What I found is that, in terms of some kind of systematic set of practices that are learned and studied, camouflage wasn\u2019t taught until this sort of photographic surveillance was all-encompassing. While you do see lots of people hiding and lots of deception in war throughout the nineteenth century, you don\u2019t see this kind of systematization of those practices. And similarly, in the case of camouflage in nature, people have noted for a really long time that animals blend into their backgrounds, right? But until the mid-nineteenth century, these were considered to be examples of God\u2019s disguises, like God was planting these little tricks in the world. It was only once we started having, on the one hand, an evolutionary understanding of how protective coloration could be understood as a kind of productive technology, along with humans wanting to document and incorporate that, to model for their own practice, that it becomes camouflage. And it\u2019s kind of fascinating. There was no camouflage until 1914, and then all of a sudden there are camouflage schools, and camouflage stores, and instruction manuals. Suddenly there are natural historians going out, taking pictures of animals that are hidden, and saying, this is what we\u2019re trying to do. This is camouflage.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Alex Carp is an editor of the McSweeney\u2019s Voice of Witness book series.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why do so many American soldiers look, as one Brooklynite at the office of Cabinet magazine put it on a recent Friday, like they are trying to blend in to computer screens? The question was directed at Hanna Rose Shell, a historian, filmmaker, and professor in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[7739,7745,7736,7737,7743,7742,7741,7735,7738,100,7744,183,7740],"class_list":["post-32278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-army","tag-cabinet-magazine","tag-camouflage","tag-hanna-rose-shell","tag-hide-and-seek","tag-hide-and-seek-camouflage","tag-hiding-in-plain-sight","tag-lucien-victor-guirand-de-scevola","tag-military","tag-photography","tag-the-media-of-reconaissance","tag-war","tag-world-war-i"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHiding in Plain Sight by Alex Carp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"June 5, 2012 \u2013 Why do so many American soldiers 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