{"id":18651,"date":"2011-07-26T10:52:41","date_gmt":"2011-07-26T14:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=18651"},"modified":"2013-08-27T08:21:53","modified_gmt":"2013-08-27T12:21:53","slug":"antonio-lobo-antunes-on-the-land-at-the-end-of-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2011\/07\/26\/antonio-lobo-antunes-on-the-land-at-the-end-of-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Antonio Lobo Antunes on ‘The Land at the End of the World’"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Portuguese author Antonio Lobo Antunes is the author of more than twenty books, including the novels<\/em> The Return of the Caravels<\/a>, <\/em>Knowledge of Hell<\/a>, <\/em>The Natural Order of Things<\/a>, <\/em>The Inquisitors’ Manual<\/a>, and <\/em>What Can I Do When Everything’s On Fire?<\/a> His book of newspaper \u201ccr\u00f3nicas\u201d\u2014a free-form amalgam of essay and fiction\u2014was published in the U.S. in 2009 under the title <\/em>The Fat Man and Infinity<\/a>. Last month, his groundbreaking 1979 novel, <\/em>South of Nowhere<\/a>, was reissued in a new translation by Margaret Jull Costa as <\/em>The Land at the End of the World<\/a>, and this September Dalkey Archive will release another early novel, <\/em>The Splendor of Portugal<\/a>. Both books are dense, kaleidoscopic visions of a modern Portugal scarred by its Fascist past and its bloody colonial wars in Africa. Lobo Antunes has been called \u201cthe heir to Conrad and Faulkner\u201d (by George Steiner) and \u201cone of the living writers who will matter most\u201d (by Harold Bloom). I spoke to Lobo Antunes, now sixty-nine, over a scratchy phone connection to his home in Lisbon.<\/em><\/p>\n

Your author bio mentions that you were trained as a psychiatrist and served as a military doctor in Portugal\u2019s war in Angola before becoming a writer. This experience seems to be at the heart of The Land at the End of the World,<\/em><\/strong> which takes the form of the soul-baring rant of a Portuguese war veteran honing in on a sexual conquest in a late 1970s Lisbon nightclub. How do you see this novel now, which has since been acclaimed as a literary masterpiece on the absurdities and wretchedness of war? <\/strong><\/p>\n

I started that book more than thirty years ago, as a very young man. In the first versions, there was no war at all. In many ways, it\u2019s impossible to speak about the war directly. For me, it was a personal matter. When I arrived in Africa I looked up at the sky and said, \u201cI don\u2019t know these stars. Where am I? What am I doing here?\u201d I just wanted to return alive. I remember we kept calendars and would cross off each day that we were still alive! I\u2019ve talked to people who were in the Vietnam War, the Algerian War, and I\u2019ve understood them perfectly. You can\u2019t say these things to your wife or your son because they won\u2019t understand it. It\u2019s too strange an experience. It\u2019s unreal.<\/p>\n

So I never set out to write a book about the war. I was very interested in the relationship between the man who speaks and the woman who listens. I was drawn to the idea that the relationship between a man and a woman can be something like a war itself, very cruel and violent. And then I realized that if I included some things about what happened in Africa, it would provide a powerful counterpoint to their story. I suppose the narrator of the book is trying to use the tales of war to seduce the woman\u2014he believes that women are weak when it comes to these things. I was surprised by the solitude of this character, this lonely and miserable man. The book is about a very personal vision of hell.<\/p>\n

Were there other Portuguese artists and writers addressing the legacy of the country\u2019s colonial wars [which lasted from 1961 to 1974 in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau], or was it a forbidden or ignored subject?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nobody dared to speak about it because censorship was very strong. Before democracy, many, many authors went to jail and their books couldn\u2019t be published. They\u2019d write about antiquity, invented countries, or other subjects to avoid censorship. My book was the first to talk about the things that had actually happened. It came out in 1979, five years after the Revolution of 1974 that overthrew the Fascist dictatorship that had ruled Portugal for four decades. And it sold incredibly well because people wanted to know what was going on. Newspapers, books, and movies had all been controlled up until then, if not completely forbidden. Growing up, it was normal not to have a passport, not to talk about politics, not to use the word democracy<\/em>. I remember once asking my father as a boy, \u201cWhat is democracy?\u201d And he answered, \u201cShut up and eat.\u201d<\/p>\n

After the revolution, there was a kind of unspeakable culpability in Portugal. As happened in many other countries, the members of the military police, who were very cruel and violent, were in jail for just a short time and then were back out, working for the intelligence services. It was like that in Germany after the war and in Romania. Two or three years after the revolution, everyone just wanted to forget, to believe that more than forty years of dictatorship had never happened, that the wars hadn\u2019t happened. But for me they had, because one of my cousins had been killed, my brother was jailed, and I had been in Angola.<\/p>\n

In The Land at the End of the World<\/em><\/strong> the narrator rages, \u201cI hated the people who were lying to us and oppressing us and humiliating and killing us in Angola, the serious, dignified gentlemen in Lisbon stabbing those of us in Angola in the back.\u201d That\u2019s pretty damning language.<\/strong><\/p>\n

What I really objected to was the fact that they sent us to war in the name of abstractions\u2014motherland, honor, courage, and so on. And the politicians didn\u2019t give a damn about us. It was clear that there were economic interests behind the war, that people were becoming rich selling arms to both sides of the conflict. That\u2019s what I saw\u2014some people became rich while the soldiers were usually very poor and came from poor families. But people just didn\u2019t know what was happening. When Bush started the war in Iraq, for example, my eldest daughter was there because she belonged to an international medical association. But she saw very little because the American army moved all those organizations to the border.<\/p>\n

That book\u2019s narrator, while wasting away in Africa, also dreads coming home to Portugal, writing, \u201cThe fear of returning to my country makes my throat tighten because, you see, I have no place anywhere, I went too far away for too long ever to belong here again, to these autumns of rain and Sunday masses, these long winters as dull as blown lightbulbs, these faces I can barely recognize beneath all the lines and wrinkles, clearly invented by some ironic caricaturist.\u201d When he finally does return, it\u2019s as if he sees his city\u2014and his family\u2014in a completely different way.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yes, the most horrible thing was coming back, returning to Lisbon, because we didn\u2019t know how to live anymore. We didn\u2019t know how to pay for gas, for water, and so on. When you\u2019re in the army, they take care of everything\u2014they feed you, they dress you. Returning, you feel like someone who has had a stroke and must learn how to speak again, how to do everything again. That was very difficult for me\u2014very difficult for all of us\u2014because we were all very young, just in our twenties.<\/p>\n

When I think about that book\u2014and I try not to think about it much actually\u2014I like the idea of having written it. But it\u2019s not what I want to write now. And I\u2019ve never returned to Angola. They\u2019ve invited me to come visit, but I\u2019ve always refused. Surprisingly, the relationship between our two countries is very good now and the Angolans have shown an amazing capacity for forgiveness and generosity. We Europeans destroyed so much. We destroyed entire civilizations. They had a very rich literature, a very rich history of medicine. And yet we destroyed everything, bit by bit, in the name of civilization, in the name of culture.<\/p>\n

Do the psychic wounds from these conflicts persist in Portugal\u2019s collective memory? <\/strong><\/p>\n

I don\u2019t know. All I know is that I have an annual lunch with a group of friends who are veterans of the wars, and during the week afterward it\u2019s very hard for me to sleep. So it\u2019s still inside if all of us, and it will remain inside me until I die.<\/p>\n

You\u2019ve become world-renowned, a national treasure in Portugal. You were given the Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society in 2005 and the Cam\u00f5es Prize, the most important literary prize for the Portuguese language, in 2007. How does it feel to be so celebrated?<\/strong><\/p>\n

It\u2019s all very surprising. But these prizes have nothing to do with literature. As a writer, you just have to shut your door and write. It\u2019s funny\u2014my wife is more jealous of my books than of other women because I\u2019m always working and thinking about my books. I suppose I have become a sort of living monument in Portugal. But I come from a family with roots all over the world, so the idea of patriotism is not very strong in me. My country is the country of Chekhov, Beethoven, Velasquez\u2014writers I like, painters and artists I admire.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Portuguese author Antonio Lobo Antunes is the author of more than twenty books, including the novels The Return of the Caravels, Knowledge of Hell, The Natural Order of Things, The Inquisitors’ Manual, and What Can I Do When Everything’s On Fire? His book of newspaper \u201ccr\u00f3nicas\u201d\u2014a free-form amalgam of essay and fiction\u2014was published in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[907],"tags":[2961,2958,2968,2967,2962,2966,2960,1266,2964,2965,2959,2963,183],"class_list":["post-18651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-at-work","tag-angola","tag-antonio-lobo-antunes","tag-censorship","tag-democracy","tag-fascism","tag-jerusalem-prize","tag-margaret-jull-costa","tag-nobel","tag-portugal","tag-the-fat-man-and-infinity","tag-the-land-at-the-end-of-the-world","tag-the-splendor-of-portugal","tag-war"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAntonio Lobo Antunes on 'The Land at the End of the World' by Anderson Tepper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"July 26, 2011 \u2013 Portuguese author Antonio Lobo 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