{"id":148466,"date":"2020-10-20T11:00:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T15:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=148466"},"modified":"2020-10-20T10:16:58","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T14:16:58","slug":"russet-the-color-of-peasants-fox-fur-and-penance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2020\/10\/20\/russet-the-color-of-peasants-fox-fur-and-penance\/","title":{"rendered":"Russet, the Color of Peasants, Fox Fur, and Penance"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_148487\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reclining-nude.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148487\" class=\"size-full wp-image-148487\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reclining-nude.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reclining-nude.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reclining-nude-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/reclining-nude-768x495.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amedeo Modigliani, Reclining Nude, 1917<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Mary Stuart was six days old when she became the Queen of Scotland. Her precious body was guarded from that moment onward, moved like a pawn on a chessboard from one castle to another. Maybe the people would have loved her if she hadn\u2019t been spirited away to be raised in France in 1548, but perhaps they wouldn\u2019t have. Maybe Mary was doomed to always be loathed for her femaleness and her Catholicism. By the time she returned to the newly Protestant Scotland at age eighteen, she had spent over a decade in the French court, developing a taste for elaborate gowns and flashy jewels. She was tall and graceful, beautiful according to some accounts, but this didn\u2019t endear her to the common people. While Mary was strutting around in fine lace and velvet and elaborate lockets, her people were told that God wanted them in chaste, sober clothes. Embroidery was deemed \u201cunseemly\u201d as were \u201clight and variant hues in clothing, as red, blue, yellow and such like, which declare the lightness of mind.\u201d Instead, the Scots were told to wear simple fabrics in \u201cgrave colour,\u201d such as \u201cblack, russet, sad grey, or sad brown.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148488\" style=\"width: 442px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/433px-mary_queen_of_scots_from_hermitage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148488\" class=\"size-full wp-image-148488\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/433px-mary_queen_of_scots_from_hermitage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/433px-mary_queen_of_scots_from_hermitage.jpg 432w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/433px-mary_queen_of_scots_from_hermitage-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, c. 1500s<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This depressing list comes from a summary of the 1575 General Assembly of the Kirk, recorded in the Domestic Annals of Scotland. Although the upper classes continued to wear silks and velvets and pretty bright dresses, most people wore their sad rags. It was more practical, to be dressed in dark gray and black and brown. Life for the lower classes was hard. The clothing reflected this fact.<\/p>\n<p>And yet, thrown in with those drab colors was russet. In this context, russet was both a general chromatic descriptor and a specific type of rough spun cloth, colored with a mixture of woad (a member of the cabbage family that was used to make a blue-gray dye) and madder (a similarly yellow-flowered herb whose roots could be turned into a pinkish-brown dye). Russet wasn\u2019t a bright color, but it was at least more cheerful than \u201csad grey,\u201d it had a bit more life than black. While Mary, Queen of Scots reportedly wore vivid scarlet under her black mourning clothes, her people dressed like dead leaves and gray stones. At their most vibrant, they could wear the color of rust, of dirty root vegetables, of aging fox fur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148498\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148498\" class=\"size-large wp-image-148498\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1-1024x728.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1-1024x728.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-return-of-the-herd-autumn-1565-1.jpg 2011w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Breugel the Elder, The Return of the Herd (November), 1565<\/p><\/div>\n<p>It may sound like I dislike russet, but I don\u2019t. Over the last decade, I have learned to appreciate the textures and rhythms of the later months of the year. Russet is the color of November in Maine. The color that emerges when all the more spectacular leaves have fallen: the yellow coins of the white birch, the big, hand-shaped crimson leaves of the red maple, the papery pumpkin-hued spears of the beech trees. The oaks are always the last to shed their plumage, and their leaves are the dullest color. They\u2019re the darkest, the closest to brown. But if you pay attention, you\u2019ll see that they\u2019re actually quite pretty. Russet is a subtle color, complicated by undertones of orange and purple. Indeed, according to some color wheel systems, \u201crusset\u201d is the name given to the tertiary color created by mixing those two secondary colors. Its only companions in this category are slate (made from purple and green) and citron (made from green and yellow). Like russet, citron and slate occur often in the natural world. Our Earth is a blue marble if you get far enough away, but from up close, it\u2019s so very brown, so often gray.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148503\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/apfelsorten_diel-lucas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148503\" class=\"size-large wp-image-148503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/apfelsorten_diel-lucas-1024x809.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/apfelsorten_diel-lucas-1024x809.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/apfelsorten_diel-lucas-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/apfelsorten_diel-lucas-768x607.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unknown artist, botanical illustration c. 1905 (\u00a9 wikimedia commons)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This may explain why many cultures think of russet and similar dull reds as neutral hues, akin to the monochrome scale of white, black, and the innumerable shades between. True reds, the crimsons and vermilions and scarlets, have historically been associated with fire, blood, and power. In <em>Red: The History of a Color<\/em>, Michel Pastoureau explains that, for thousands of years, red was \u201cthe only true color.\u201d He continues, \u201cas much on the chronological as hierarchical level, it outstripped all others.\u201d In ancient Greece, high priests and priestesses dressed in crimson, as did (they imagined) the gods themselves. In contrast, the dull reds, the brown reds, have been understood as \u201cemblematic of peasantry and impoverishment,\u201d claims Victoria Finlay in <em>An Atlas of Rare &amp; Familiar Colour<\/em>. Finlay files red ocher among the browns\u2014the ruddy pigment used in the caves of Lascaux\u2014which is perhaps where it belongs. Perhaps that\u2019s where russet belongs, too. But it\u2019s not entirely clear. Paging through both books, I see reds and browns together more often than not. They\u2019re close, those hues. A generous eye can see the fiery warmth blazing beneath the brown, the homely walnut emerging from the red.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148499\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148499\" class=\"size-large wp-image-148499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt-1024x567.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt-1024x567.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt-768x425.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/fox-hunt.jpg 1107w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148499\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winslow Homer, The Fox Hunt, 1893<\/p><\/div>\n<p>It seems likely that russet, as a word, is an offshoot of red (Old French <em>rousset<\/em> from Latin <em>russus<\/em>, \u201creddish\u201d). But russet means more than red-like, red-adjacent. It also means rustic, homely, rough. It also evokes mottled, textured, coarse. The word describes a quality of being that can affect people as well as vegetables. Apples can be russet, when they have brown patches on their skin. Potatoes famously are russet; their skin often has that strange texture that makes it impossible to tell where the earth ends and the root begins. There are russet birds and russet horses\u2014it\u2019s an earthy word that fits comfortably on many creatures. For Shakespeare, it was a color of poverty and prudence, mourning and morning. In <em>Love\u2019s Labour\u2019s Lost<\/em>, Biron imagines a life without the finer things, without silks and taffeta, a life of sacrifice undertaken to prove his love. The color of his penance? Russet.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>and I here protest,<br \/>\nBy this white glove;\u2014how white the hand, God knows!\u2014<br \/>\nHenceforth my wooing mind shall be express\u2019d<br \/>\nIn russet yeas and honest kersey noes:<br \/>\nAnd, to begin, wench,\u2014so God help me, la!\u2014<br \/>\nMy love to thee is sound, sans crack or flaw.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Just a few decades after this was written, in a country not too far away, Peter Paul Rubens was painting with brilliant crimson and shocking vermilion. Rubens was a devout Roman Catholic, a religion that embraced sumptuous fabrics and rich colors. A generation later, another northern painter would rise to prominence: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. While Catholic Rubens loved shocking reds, rich blues, and even sunny yellows, Protestant Rembrandt painted with a far more restrained palette. Many of his most famous paintings (including his self portraits) are predominantly brown and gray. And when he did use color, Rembrandt very often reached for russet, auburn, fulvous, and tawny. Reds that leaned brown, and browns that leaned red. Sometimes, he brought in a splash of crimson to tell the viewer where they should focus (the vibrant sash in <em>Night Watch<\/em>, the cloaks in <em>Prodigal Son<\/em>), and sometimes he let soft, misty yellow light bathe his bucolic landscapes. His work was earthy, imbued with the quiet chill of early November.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148500\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148500\" class=\"size-large wp-image-148500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son-799x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son-799x1024.jpg 799w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son-768x985.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/rembrandt_harmensz._van_rijn_-_the_return_of_the_prodigal_son.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, The Return of the Prodigal Son, c.1668<\/p><\/div>\n<p>I\u2019ve been thinking on russet lately, this color of oak and Rembrandt and austerity. Its terra-cotta earthiness fits my mood. I\u2019m hunkering down for winter, making paprika-spiked stews and big pots of beans with bacon, always dutifully freezing a portion for later. I\u2019ve been readying myself not for hibernation, but for months of social isolation. According to both the <em>Farmer\u2019s Almanac<\/em> and common sense, it\u2019s going to be a hard winter for North America. As though inspired by the celebrity <a href=\"https:\/\/www.katmaiconservancy.org\/fat-bear-week-2020\/\">fat bears of Katmai<\/a>, I\u2019ve noticed myself bundling up, bulking up, and reaching for thick, warm clothes in rusty earth tones. My mother always favored a restrained palette; she recently gave me a big bag of sweaters she no longer wants, and three of them are russet. One, a cable-knit wool turtleneck, is from the nineties, but it could be from the seventies. It could be from Autumn\/Winter 2020 (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vogue.fr\/fashion\/article\/fashion-trends-monochrome-all-brown-looks-new-black-winter-2020\">brown is the new black<\/a>,\u201d proclaims <em>Vogue Paris<\/em>). It could be from any decade, really. It has timeless mom energy, something I find myself needing to channel more and more often lately.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148501\" style=\"width: 515px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nypl.digitalcollections.2a532c30-aa64-0132-810e-58d385a7b928.001.w.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148501\" class=\"size-full wp-image-148501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nypl.digitalcollections.2a532c30-aa64-0132-810e-58d385a7b928.001.w.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"505\" height=\"759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nypl.digitalcollections.2a532c30-aa64-0132-810e-58d385a7b928.001.w.jpg 505w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nypl.digitalcollections.2a532c30-aa64-0132-810e-58d385a7b928.001.w-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Tab details on suit ensemble,&#8221; New York Public Library Digital Collections.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>I\u2019m not alone. There\u2019s a certain type of influencer on the rise, one that has embraced my mother\u2019s color palette of auburn, terra-cotta, russet, and beige. These seventies-styled babes fill my feed with macram\u00e9 plant hangers, comfortable linen pants, and seemingly bewitched, bottomless closets filled with eco-friendly, transparently produced leaf-colored clothing. Call them cottage-core or cozy-core or whatever you like\u2014I call them inspiring. These are women who have become very good at figuring out what light makes their small spaces look roomy, what angles make their baggy outfits look chic. They are people who have managed to style their thrift shop ceramics with tasteful stacks of books, chosen for the color of their spines and the way they sit on the shelves. They are people who can make the most of what they have, turn pixels into money, brown into russet.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148502\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/che\u0301ruit_manteau_de_voiture-oct_1913.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148502\" class=\"size-full wp-image-148502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/che\u0301ruit_manteau_de_voiture-oct_1913.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/che\u0301ruit_manteau_de_voiture-oct_1913.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/che\u0301ruit_manteau_de_voiture-oct_1913-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fashion by Louise Ch\u00e9ruit &#8211; automobile coat, illustration by Pierre Brissaud, published in La Gazette du Bon-Ton, 1913<\/p><\/div>\n<p>I\u2019ve been styling my shelves recently, putting this interesting seashell next to that matryoshka doll, picking out books that tell a story of myself that I want seen. Right now, I can\u2019t go into public and present myself. I have to stay at home, stay safe, and save money. I feel a bit as though I\u2019m arranging shelves while America burns around me, but I\u2019m not sure what else I can do. Collectively, it feels as if we are grasping at straws. I read a <em>New York Times<\/em> series from fashion designers on how to turn pillowcases into skirts and dishrags into handbags. Stripped of our museums and our boutiques and our money, we are now forced to occupy ourselves in new ways. It harkens back to the grain-sack fashions of the Great Depression, dyed with marigold and cabbage, that the United States government pushed on broke housewives. Here\u2019s an idea, they said, why don\u2019t you try and make the most of it?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_148504\" style=\"width: 384px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kompozycja-architektoniczna-1929.jpglarge.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-148504\" class=\"size-full wp-image-148504\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kompozycja-architektoniczna-1929.jpglarge.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"374\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kompozycja-architektoniczna-1929.jpglarge.jpg 374w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/kompozycja-architektoniczna-1929.jpglarge-187x300.jpg 187w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-148504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wladyslaw Strzeminski, Kompozycja architektoniczna, 1929<\/p><\/div>\n<p>I hear a similar command echoing through our current events now. The top echelons of power are asking the lowest to support them wholeheartedly, to play the part of the willing serf, the peasant in russet while they go about in gaudy red ties that gleam polyester-bright on white dress shirts. We\u2019re living in a time of great economic inequality and instability. In the news, there are reports of white nationalist groups advocating for a Civil War, radio pundits talking about \u201cblood on the streets,\u201d and a rapidly growing cult that slavishly begs their messiah to give them a sign, any sign, so they can begin their purge. I disagree vehemently with all of these groups, yet they\u2019ve succeeded in creating a sense of foreboding in me that I can\u2019t shake, no matter what I do. I see the same thunderheads gathering. I share the dread. I can ward it off, for brief moments, by focusing on beauty. The fear is still there, under the awe, under the gratitude, but for now, I walk around outside with my head tilted up, to better see the leaves and the blue sky behind. For now, I notice the shades of brown that have been there long before us and will be there still.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/columns\/hues-hue\/\">Read more of Katy Kelleher\u2019s color stories here.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Katy Kelleher is a writer who lives in the woods of rural New England with her two dogs and one husband. She is the author of\u00a0<\/em>Handcrafted Maine<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019ve been thinking on russet lately, this color of oak and Rembrandt and austerity. Its terra-cotta earthiness fits my mood. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1397,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32911],"tags":[67827],"class_list":["post-148466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hues-hue","tag-featured"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Russet, the Color of Peasants, Fox Fur, and Penance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I\u2019ve been thinking on russet lately, this color of oak and Rembrandt and austerity. 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