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<\/a><\/p>\nLearning a new language in old age is said to be good for the brain and the memory, so in my mid-\u201970s I took up German. I didn\u2019t want to learn tourist or business German, I wanted to read poetry. I find it easier to remember poetry than prose, and could still recall odd snatches of Goethe that had come my way when doing an O-Level way back in the fifties. Maybe I could add some Rilke or some H\u00f6lderlin to my memory bank? I\u2019d long wanted to read them. About thirty years ago, I found myself at dinner sitting next to a cultural attach\u00e9 from the Goethe-Institut and talking to him about this very vague wish. I was just making polite conversation, but a day or two later in the post a handsome bilingual volume of Michael Hamburger\u2019s translations of H\u00f6lderlin arrived. It\u2019s the Routledge and Kegan Paul edition, Poems and Fragments<\/em>, dated 1966, bound in dark blue and maroon leather, with copper foil lettering. I was touched and impressed by this thoughtfulness, and occasionally, in my then very busy life, I would open the volume, which I kept by my bed, and read a few lines. There was one fragment that enchanted me, four lines that I would read again and again and learned almost by heart:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Die Linien des Lebens sind verschieden,<\/em> The lines of life are various; they diverge and cease But I never got much further than that. More years passed, and eventually I reached an age where time seemed more spacious, not to say at times boring, and I felt in need of a pastime more stimulating than jigsaws and quick crosswords. (\u201cLife, friends, is boring. We must not say so.\u201d John Berryman, \u201cDream Song 14.\u201d) So I thought, once more, of German. I had long ago and hopefully acquired a second hand copy of Teach Yourself German<\/em> and an excellent, large, indexed Collins dictionary, but I never got very far with them: my greatest success had been composing the sentence \u201cIch habe meine Brille verloren<\/em>\u201d while on a lecture tour of the Rhineland for the British Council. (It was a very successful sentence: a sympathetic bespectacled caretaker wearing friendly brown overalls found my glasses tucked away under the lectern on the lecture room podium where I had left them, an hour earlier. He snatched them from under the nose of a professor in full flow.) I knew I wouldn\u2019t stick to my task without external discipline, but I couldn\u2019t find a suitable class to attend. There were conversation classes available, but I didn\u2019t want to converse. I wanted to read. I had enjoyed my Oxford continuing education courses on Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier, but there didn\u2019t seem to be any language courses on the same level.<\/p>\n I asked friends for advice, and was put in touch with a Ph.D. student in Oxford for private lessons. I told her I wanted to read the poems of Rilke, and she understood at once what I needed. The first poem we did (which she later told me was the poem that made her want to study German when she was still at school) was \u201cThe Panther.\u201d Such happiness it gave me. She read it aloud to me, and then we went through it, word by word. I realize now how well chosen it was for a beginner.<\/p>\n Sein Blick ist von Vor\u00fcbergehen der St\u00e4be I learned it, almost, and I could hear it pacing in my head, like the panther in its cage.<\/p>\n We moved on, through various sonnets, and then she herself moved on, to another university farther north, and handed me over to a Ph.D. friend. On I went with my new mentor, through more and more ambitious Rilke, through passages from the Duino Elegies, then back to H\u00f6lderlin, then on to the fin-de-si\u00e8cle sadness of Stefan George and the despair of Georg Trakl. We discovered Ingeborg Bachmann and Else Lasker Schuler. We explored the anthology Deutsche Lyrik<\/em>, and I learned how to pronounce the word \u201cLyrik<\/em>\u201d in German\u2014not at all how I\u2019d been saying it in my head. We dipped into some very lively Heine, who had hitherto been just a name to me, dimly associated with Matthew Arnold and romanticism. He wasn\u2019t at all what I had expected. She introduced me to the poetry of Brecht, which was a revelation. I hadn\u2019t known he was such a fine poet, though I knew his plays quite well. I loved the swagger of \u201cIch, Bertolt Brecht, bin aus den shwarzen Waldern<\/em>\u2026 \u201d and the lyric melancholy of \u201cAn jenem Tag im blauen Mond September<\/em>.\u201d It still fortifies me up to say to myself \u201cIch, Bertolt Brecht, bin aus den shwarzen Waldern<\/em>.\u201d I, Bertolt Brecht, from the black forests come \u2026 He is cheering me on.<\/p>\n A new world opened to me with these poems. It\u2019s sad that so few English readers know this world, and that the learning of languages is in such steep decline. One of the reasons given is that GCSE language courses are too demanding, and neither schools nor pupils want to risk the lower grades that might result. I suppose that might well be true. Learning a language is hard. I remember as a small child reading my way through the worthily pedagogic volumes of Arthur Mee\u2019s Children\u2019s Encyclopaedia<\/em>, which had some sections with little illustrated stories in French, and being dismayed to find that every single word had to be learned, separately, and that the syntax didn\u2019t always reflect the meaning. This is from the story of the kitten that fell down the chimney, as it appears in the Encyclopaedia<\/em>:<\/p>\n First line: French. C\u2019est un petit chat, dis-je. Il a peur. Puis-je lui donner du lait?<\/em><\/p>\n Second line: English. This is a little cat, say I. He has fear. May I to him give some milk?<\/em><\/p>\n As we say it in English: It is a kitten, I say. He is frightened. May I give him some milk?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n I studied these banal little tales as though they contained some hidden mystery. I longed to read and speak French, but I could see it was going to be a long haul.<\/p>\n I had hoped, as did Jude in Jude the Obscure<\/em>, that there might be some key to the code, some easy way of converting one language into another. As a young man Jude sends off for a grammar from Christminster and is deeply disappointed by the two thin, soiled, thirty-year-old volumes that arrive. He had thought that \u201ca grammar of the required tongue would contain, primarily, a rule, prescription or clue, to the nature of a secret cipher, which, once known, would enable him, by merely applying it, to change at will all the words of his own speech into those of a foreign one.\u201d But he learns that \u201cevery word in both Latin and Greek was to be individually committed to memory at the cost of years of plodding \u2026 This was Latin and Greek, then, was it this grand delusion! … he wished he had never seen a book, might never see another, that he had never been born.\u201d<\/p>\n Jude perseveres, lonely and against the odds, and learns his Latin and his Greek, though to little avail. I had more help at school, and was very well instructed in French, reaching a level where I knew I would always be able to read Racine and Baudelaire, even if I couldn\u2019t face tackling the long texts of Balzac and Zola in their own language. I tried once to make my way through Balzac\u2019s Splendeurs et Mis<\/em>\u00e8res des Courtisanes<\/em>, with its untranslatable, magnificent title, but was defeated by the richness of the vocabulary. I simply couldn\u2019t read fast enough to get the hang of the story.<\/p>\n I knew my forays into German were never going to be successful without supervision and interaction, and I enjoyed my one-on-one tutorials. But I hadn\u2019t the patience for the memorizing, the repetition, the revision. I wasn\u2019t a very perseverant student, but I enjoyed looking for words in the dictionary, and grappling with the structure of composite nouns, and struggling to make sense of the poems by myself, and writing out lists of vocabulary in the sumptuous dark green marbled notebook which my daughter had given me for my birthday. One Christmas I requested Hammer\u2019s German Grammar and Usage <\/em>as a gift from my grandchildren, and spent many hours looking up phrases and trying to remember them. Some of them were startlingly but charmingly useless: I learned, for instance, the subtle difference between the plurals of Die Strausse<\/em>\u00a0(ostriches) and Die Str\u00e4usse<\/em> (bunches of flowers). Looking through my annotated Hammer now, I am struck by the sadness of the words and phrases that attracted my attention. Fremd<\/em> meaning alien, An Einsamkeit sterben <\/em>meaning to die of loneliness, der Qual<\/em> meaning pain or sorrow. Etwas ist faul im Staate D\u00e4nemark <\/em>\u2026 Like Rilke, I liked the word irgendwo<\/em>. I\u2019m not quite sure why\u2014it had a vagueness, a yearning about it. Somewhere, some place, anywhere. Yonder. Irgendwie is good, too. So wie der Staub, der irgendwie beginnt und nirgends ist\u2026 <\/em>Just like the dust which seems to come from nowhere (Rilke, Neue Gedichte<\/em>).<\/p>\n And there were less fearful words to which I was drawn, words that do not exist in English. Geschwister<\/em>, I loved. It is a plural noun, meaning brothers and sisters. We use the word \u201csiblings,\u201d but it is not plural and collective, and it is not elegant. It smells of neologism and sociology. Geschwhister<\/em> is poetic. Here is the ending of Rilke\u2019s fourteenth sonnet to Orpheus, \u201cBehold the Flowers\u201d:<\/p>\n Oder er bliebe vielleicht; und sie bl<\/em>\u00fchten und priesen That last line whispers of a meadow of flowers rustling in the wind together. The poet says the flowers are silent, \u201cstillen,\u201d but we hear them whisper in the line of the verse. Silently whispering. Edward Snow, perhaps Rilke\u2019s most sympathetic translator, avoids the English word \u201csiblings,\u201d which others have reasonably adopted, and gives us, more beautifully, \u201call the quiet brothers and sisters in the meadow\u2019s wind.\u201d<\/p>\n When Rilke wrote those lines, he must have thought that peace had come to him, might come to him. But it hadn\u2019t, it didn\u2019t.<\/p>\n I didn\u2019t learn very easily, and there\u2019s so much that I haven\u2019t retained, but it was an adventure. Another friend, a musician who has been patiently studying Italian for years, sent me a book of Lieder, with bilingual texts, because, as he rightly assured me, they were linguistically and philosophically less challenging than Rilke. I enjoyed them, and encountered old favorites. \u201cOn wings of song I\u2019ll bear thee\u201d had been on one of the very few gramophone recordings that my grandparents possessed. But I had been right to think that Rilke was what I needed. Poetry is a companion in sorrow.<\/p>\n Sei allem Abschied voran, als w<\/em>\u00e4re er hinter Sei immer tot in Eurydike\u2014<\/em><\/p>\n \u2026Be in advance of all parting, as if it were Be forever dead in Eurydice\u2014<\/p>\n (Translated from the German by Edward Snow.)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n That was a poem that I read with my daughter in hospital in her penultimate illness, the one we thought she might survive.\u00a0 I hadn\u2019t known then that we would be needing it so soon, so sadly. Einer so endlos Winter<\/em>\u2026 Nor had I then known that she had written a poem for me, which she had asked her friends to save for me and send to me after her death. It is a villanelle, written some years ago, in which she imagines my death. I don\u2019t know if she noted the resemblance when we read the Rilke together in hospital. As I hadn\u2019t yet read her poem, I couldn\u2019t have noted it. Her poem begins:<\/p>\n \u00a0You, who have not died, lend me your pre-imagined ghost I still have not died. But she has. And everything I write and think returns to her.<\/p>\n While she was ill, and I no longer had the time or the heart to arrange German poetry lessons, I was introduced by my son to Duolingo, a basic language-learning app that confronted all the subjects that Rilke and H\u00f6lderlin neglected: supermarket trolleys, air tickets, mustard, shower gel, trousers (which Duolingo anglicized as \u201cpants\u201d), football teams, hospitals. The culture section concerns itself largely with sausages and beer and the phenomenon of the Oktoberfest. These basic lessons were a kind of company, and they kept me occupied in hospital waiting rooms, and on the bus and on the tube. Duolingo\u2019s English is not always wholly accurate, and as it invites suggestions and corrections, I sent a few in, as I knew my son had done. These were for the most part ignored, but I was gratified to receive, months after my submission, an acknowledgement that \u201cThat is not a fitting answer\u201d was an acceptable translation for \u201cDas ist keine passende Antwort<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n Yes, Duolingo was my friend. I even liked the German voice that spoke to me when I was alone and nobody else was listening, the voice that asked me to transcribe its words. At least somebody was speaking to me. I was lonely, and I knew an even greater loneliness, a terminal loneliness, was coming toward me. I knew I wouldn\u2019t know how to stay alive through this so endlos Winter<\/em>.<\/p>\n German is a fine language for grief. By chance, the LRB-sourced house sitter who looked after our house in Somerset during the first months of 2019 was a poet, and a translator from the German, with a strong affinity with melancholy. Will Stone calls himself my poet concierge. He sent me his excellent Pushkin Press translation of the poems of Georg Trakl, Surrender to Night<\/em>. Trakl is a classic po\u00e8te maudit. Will and I cannot find a contemporary German phrase for that, though the Germans had plenty of them. (He tells me verfemter dichter<\/em> is sometimes used, but it doesn\u2019t have the ring and knell of the French.) There is something calming about surrendering to the night. How strange are Trakl\u2019s tones and images: vivid colors, asters and mignonettes, sunflowers and violets, blackbirds and wild fowl, wells and fountains and chestnut trees, gleaners and children playing on the green. Mourning and corruption, strange skies. \u201cIn the corn the stern scarecrows turn.\u201d A pastoral world, a world already vanishing, the end of an era. A break between the old world and the new. You wouldn\u2019t think Trakl would die in the First World War, and so unpleasantly. But so he chose to do.<\/p>\n I think my relationship with the German language and with German literature has now faltered to a standstill. I retain a few phrases. These fragments have I shored against my ruins<\/em>. I heard somebody say on the radio the other day that now that we have Brexit coming, we don\u2019t need to learn any foreign languages. My German has not been utilitarian. It has been a language of mourning and of loss. And in that, there has been comfort.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Margaret<\/span>\u00a0Drabble<\/span>\u00a0is a novelist and critic. She has published nineteen novels, most recently <\/em>The Dark Flood Rises (2016). <\/em>A selection of her daughter Rebecca Swift\u2019s poems,\u00a0 <\/em>A Suitable Love Object,\u00a0 will be published in May 2020 by Valley Press.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Margaret Drabble on learning German in her mid-\u201970s. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1873,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nWie Wege sind, und wie der Berge Grenzen.<\/em>
\nWas hier wir sind, kann dort ein Gott erg\u00e4nzen<\/em>
\nMit Harmonien und ewigen Lohn und Frieden.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nLike footpaths and the mountains\u2019 utmost ends.
\nWhat here we are, elsewhere a God amends
\nWith harmonies, eternal recompense and peace.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n<\/em>So m\u00fcd geworden, das er nichts mehr h\u00e4lt.\u00a0<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n<\/em>ihn, den Bekehrten, der nun den Irhrigen gleicht
\n<\/em>Allen den stillen Geschwistern im Winde der Wiesen.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n<\/em>Dir, wie der Winter der eben geht.
\n<\/em>Denn unter Wintern ist einer so endlos Winter,
\n<\/em>Dass, <\/em>\u00fcberwinternd, dein Herz <\/em>\u00fcberhaupt <\/em>\u00fcbersteht.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n
\nBehind you like the winter, just now going by.
\nFor among winters there\u2019s one so endlessly winter
\nthat, wintering, your heart will win through.<\/p>\n
\nTo prepare the art of losing\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n