{"id":132029,"date":"2018-12-17T13:07:27","date_gmt":"2018-12-17T18:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=132029"},"modified":"2018-12-20T12:29:48","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T17:29:48","slug":"chartreuse-the-color-of-elixirs-flappers-and-alternate-realities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2018\/12\/17\/chartreuse-the-color-of-elixirs-flappers-and-alternate-realities\/","title":{"rendered":"Chartreuse, the Color of Elixirs, Flappers, and Alternate Realities"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

F.\u2009X. Leyendecker, The Flapper<\/em>. 1922<\/p><\/div>\n

Let me tell you about a color that began as a fabled drink. It tasted harsh and punishing, like medicine. It began as a mythic elixir, and then later became a fashionable green: a color for flappers and Oscars-goers. Some time later, in the minds of many, it mistakenly became red\u2014a deep maroon, the dark color of dried blood. Let me tell you about chartreuse.<\/p>\n

But first, pour yourself a glass and watch as the liquid, green as the fresh growth on spring trees, drips from the bottle. It doesn\u2019t matter whether you like the taste. You\u2019re not drinking it for that reason. Chartreuse, like other herbal liqueurs, is an elixir of life. A cure-all, good for digestion and headaches, for sleeping like an infant and living until you\u2019re ninety. Even if you haven\u2019t had Chartreuse, you\u2019ve probably tasted something similar. Italy has Fernet (a favorite of American bartenders for sipping on the clock, or so I\u2019ve heard), Poland has Krupnik, Portugal has Beir\u00e3o, and Hungary has Unicum (syrupy thick, black and bitter\u2014my personal favorite). These strange drinks still taste of strong magic; it\u2019s easy to imagine that Chartreuse could cure you. It\u2019s no absinthe. There\u2019s no sexy fairy on the bottle, no Mucha girl grabbing your arm and asking you to dance. There\u2019s only a sickly acid-green liquid and a monastic stamp.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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The color chartreuse is named for the liqueur. Like orange, which began as a fruit, this sharp and bright shade of green only secondarily became a color. According to legend, and to the Chartreuse official website, in the seventeenth\u00a0century, the French diplomat and soldier Fran\u00e7ois Annibal d\u2019Estr\u00e9es somehow came into possession of an \u201calready ancient\u201d manuscript that gave instructions on how to make an \u201cElixir of Long Life.\u201d \u201cThe manuscript was probably the work of a 16th<\/sup> century alchemist with a great knowledge of herbs and with the skill to blend, infuse, macerate the 130 of them to form a perfect balanced tonic,\u201d the poorly translated website says. D\u2019Estr\u00e9es gave this precious scrap of vellum (or paper, but more likely leather) to a group of monks living in a monastery outside Paris. The instructions changed hands a few times. It took over a hundred years for the monks to figure out how to properly brew the potion. But in 1737 they finally created a so-called elixir of health.<\/p>\n

Over the years, they tweaked the recipe slightly, making it less alcoholic and more palatable to the general public. Then they began to sell it.\u00a0 This worked fine for everyone involved until 1903, when the French government nationalized the Chartreuse distillery. They expelled the monks, who went to Spain and built a new distillery there. \u201cThe pre-expulsion stuff was much prized,\u201d writes Henry Jeffreys for the Guardian<\/em>. He was introduced to the drink by his \u201clouche uncle.\u201d As Jeffreys relays, the joys of the original version were sung in Evelyn Waugh\u2019s Brideshead Revisited.<\/em> \u201cThere are five distinct tastes as it trickles over the tongue,\u201d Anthony Blanche, Waugh\u2019s stuttering gentleman, says. \u201cIt\u2019s like swallowing a sp-spectrum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Traditional Chartreuse contains a spectrum of tastes\u2014spicy, bitter, sweet, pungent\u2014but the hue is singular. It\u2019s reminiscent of the green you glimpse in a rainbow or a prism, that impossibly vivid color that sears your eyeballs. Chartreuse seems to glow.<\/p>\n

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Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard, La main chaude<\/em>. 1775\u201380<\/p><\/div>\n

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Chartreuse (the color name) was recorded in print for the first time in 1884, according to the Online Etymology Dictionary, but artists had long been using the intense shade to depict the joys and raptures of springtime. Jean-Honore Fragonard was particularly fond of chartreuse. He used it often in his misty yet bright backgrounds. The sharp green made his soft pink silks and soft pink maidens seem to blush. Van Gogh was also a fan of the lemon-lime shade; Caf\u00e9 Terrace at Night<\/em> uses the hue to heady effect, and the color appears frequently in his paintings from Auvers. From the Impressionists onward, chartreuse was used to depict both green grass and the city at night. Sometimes the shade seemed ominous, but in the right light it could also be read as youthful and joyous.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>

Vincent van Gogh, Caf\u00e9 Terrace at Night<\/em>, 1888<\/p><\/div>\n

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Chartreuse rose to prominence in art; in fashion it leapt in and out. In 1998, the New York Times<\/em> published an article, \u201cSuddenly, It\u2019s Chartreuse Again,\u201d that included quotes from people on both sides of the chartreuse aisle. Some, like Katell le Bourhis, a research associate at the Costume Institute at the Met, adored the \u201cstrident\u201d color. She praised its awakening effect and likened it to \u201cpepper on food.\u201d For Le Bourhis, chartreuse \u201cis the stuff of the 18th<\/sup> century brocades and fresh greenery.\u201d (Le Bourhis herself could often be spotted stalking about the museum wrapped in silk chartreuse scarfs.) The Times<\/em> also spoke with \u201cnoted makeup expert\u201d Pablo Manzoni, who called chartreuse a \u201cmiserable color.\u201d \u201cNobody looks good in it,\u201d he said. \u201cBecause of the high condensation of green and yellow, it is lethal, I repeat, lethal. The teeth look yellow. This is just a deadly thing.\u201d<\/p>\n

As Times <\/em>writer Patricia Leigh Brown explains, chartreuse has played an intermittent starring role in fashion since the eighteenth\u00a0century. By the late 1800s, chartreuse could be found on feather fans, gowns, purses, shoes, and hats. Then chartreuse was out\u2014the turn of the century was more about emerald green or eau de Nil\u2014two greens that pair more naturally with the art nouveau palette. It returned with a vengeance during the roaring twenties. Prohibition-era partiers wore dropped-waist, vivid green dresses while they sipped their gin-and-chartreuse cocktail, the Last Word<\/a>. According to Harold Koda of the Fashion Institute of Technology, the 1920s were a \u201cheyday of color.\u201d \u201cInfluenced by an Orientalist palette, the era saw a profusion of bizarre, extravagant shades reflecting the headiness of the period\u2014fuchsias, maroons and shades of chartreuse\u2014often used as a foil for conservative, simple silhouettes,\u201d Brown summarized.<\/p>\n

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Vanity Fair<\/em> cover<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Chartreuse had several other moments in the limelight. It was big in 1937, and again in the sixties. It was a favorite of midcentury-modern trendsetters, including the Finnish furniture designer Eero Saarinen, who created his womb chair (available in \u201cpear\u201d) in 1948. Designers during the hippie era referred to it as \u201cacid green.\u201d The color looks fantastic under a black light, and there was many a chartreuse-colored lava lamp. Brown argues that the \u201ccrowning achievement of chartreuse\u201d in the sixties was probably Balenciaga\u2019s fake-fur jackets. In the seventies, as avocado and harvest gold rose in popularity, chartreuse fell away again. That decade was all about earth tones, and while chartreuse can readily be found in nature, it never looks quite natural when used as a dye or paint. There\u2019s an edge to it, and it comes back when people want a bit of pepper, a bit of spice.<\/p>\n

My own petty dislike for chartreuse dates back to the acid-green revival of the late nineties. I was in elementary school when it came bounding back onto the scene. The trend was hastened by the popularity of the Spice Girls, who loved all things chartreuse, using the hue on their album covers and in their music videos and wearing it frequently on tour. I remember seeing the color on all my classmates (though we called it by the less sophisticated name of \u201clime green\u201d). It was the color of Limited Too, a shop that my mother would never, ever enter. It was too gauche for her tastes, too sexy for little girls, too trendy. She hated the neon-yellow smiley faces, the short, bright-green skirts, the tight, ribbed mock-neck sweaters. Ari, a pretty, popular, rich girl in my class, wore almost exclusively Limited Too. I was jealous, and so I began to say I hated Ari\u2019s favorite color, which was (of course) lime green.<\/p>\n

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I wish I could say that I have grown less petty in adulthood, but I have not. At some point in the past thirty-one years, I settled on an idea of myself, and I am a person who does not like neon. I am a person who likes barn red and Prussian blue and forest greens. If we must go light, give me the colors of a desert, the dusty blushes of Georgia O\u2019Keeffe, the faded sage greens and pale yellows of Agnes Martin. I will accept turquoise, but aqua is too bright. How dare you try and slip blaze orange into my palette\u2014I will revolt.<\/p>\n

The fashion powers that be do not agree with me. So-called highlighter green and slime green (two close relatives of chartreuse) have been popular for the past several years, popping up in collections by Prada, Balenciaga, and Saks Potts, and on the willowy Hailey Baldwin, now Bieber. It was even spotted on proto-influencer North West<\/a>, who paired her chartreuse pant and crop-top set with a chartreuse scrunchie and itty-bitty sunglasses. Like the bright \u201cGen-Z yellow,\u201d chartreuse has a brashness to it that feels particularly fresh after the pastels of millennial pink and melodramatic lilac. In August, Fashionista asked whether \u201cslime green\u201d was officially \u201cthe cool color du jour.\u201d \u201cWhile not exactly flattering,\u201d writer Alyssa Vingan Klein notes<\/a>, \u201cit\u2019s fun as hell, and will surely grab onlookers\u2019 attention (as well as a significant stream of likes).\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Some chartreuse selections culled from Instagram<\/p><\/div>\n

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But my pettiness is silly. Chartreuse can be appealing, when it\u2019s on an inchworm or an unfurling spring leaf. What\u2019s prettier than a spruce tip in late winter, or a slowly ripening lemon on the bough? I harbor a fondness for chartreuse in art. I see the chartreuse-rich paintings of Josef Albers and I want to eat those candy greens. The Color Field painters of the mid-twentieth century, Agnes Martin, Ellsworth Kelly, Anne Truitt\u2019s minimalist green columns\u2014those feel like a revelation. Given the right translator, chartreuse stops screaming and begins to hum, singing songs of childhood and nostalgia, periods of growth and joy. But this fondness does not extend to any chartreuse-colored item that I could realistically purchase.<\/p>\n

I really adore the other<\/em> chartreuse, the imaginary one, the one that sounds right but isn\u2019t. You know, that maroon-y red that looks wine dark and sweet. I long thought that chartreuse was two colors\u2014one red, one green. But it\u2019s not. Chartreuse<\/em> refers only to the acidic green. There never has been a red chartreuse, but for whatever reason, hordes of people hold dear their memories of this alternate color. For some, it is nearer to magenta. For others, it\u2019s a brick red.<\/p>\n

This phenomenon, in which people remember alternate histories seemingly en masse, is known as the Mandela Effect.<\/a> The term was coined by \u201cparanormal consultant\u201d Fiona Broome in 2010. Broome reported \u201cremembering\u201d the death of South African leader Nelson Mandela in the eighties, although he was still very much alive. She claimed that this memory was shared by thousands of people, and was solid evidence for alternate time lines and travel between universes. Other pieces of evidence put forth for this theory include the supposed existence of the movie Shazaam<\/em> (in which Sinbad plays an incompetent genie), The Berenstein Bears <\/em>(which is actually a children\u2019s series called the Berenstain Bears), Ben Carson\u2019s persistent lies about his college acceptance letters<\/a>, and memories of alternate logos for breakfast cereals.<\/p>\n

But it seems unlikely that we\u2019re living in a Castle Rock<\/em>\u2013style world where one can fall so easily into another realm (though it would offer a nice explanation for the chaos of the moment). It\u2019s more likely that these are false memories, fortified by interior repetition and exterior confirmation from others. The human memory is inaccurate, and we\u2019re all more susceptible to outside influence than we\u2019d like to admit. The elixir of life will not make you live longer. Alcohol will never be good<\/em> for you. And chartreuse has always been, and will always be, the color of liqueur and lime juice, acid and spring.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Katy Kelleher is a writer who lives in the woods of rural New England with her two dogs and one husband. She is the author of\u00a0<\/em>Handcrafted Maine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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