{"id":124385,"date":"2018-04-18T11:14:11","date_gmt":"2018-04-18T15:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=124385"},"modified":"2018-04-20T12:34:12","modified_gmt":"2018-04-20T16:34:12","slug":"the-tragedy-of-going-back-jhumpa-lahiri-on-her-work-as-a-translator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2018\/04\/18\/the-tragedy-of-going-back-jhumpa-lahiri-on-her-work-as-a-translator\/","title":{"rendered":"The Tragedy of Going Back: An Interview with Jhumpa Lahiri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jhumpa_lahiri_ties.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-124394 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jhumpa_lahiri_ties.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"859\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jhumpa_lahiri_ties.jpg 859w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jhumpa_lahiri_ties-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jhumpa_lahiri_ties-768x346.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>In 2012, having published four books and won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, Jhumpa Lahiri moved to Rome. There, she experienced what she described as \u201ca radical transition, a state of complete bewilderment.\u201d A set of preconceptions had hardened around her writing, and in Italy, Lahiri hoped to jettison these in pursuit of a new vulnerability. She looked to the Italian language to reinvent herself on the page, restoring the joy and freedom in her work.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>One consequence of this immersion was <\/em>In Other Words<em>, Lahiri\u2019s memoir about language, and her first book written in Italian. (An English translation by Ann Goldstein appeared in 2015.) Just as important, in their way, were her first efforts at translation\u2014a pair of novels, <\/em>Ties <em>and <\/em>Trick,<em> by her friend Domenico Starnone, the author of more than a dozen books and a winner of Italy\u2019s prestigious Strega Prize. <\/em>Ties<em>, published last year, tells the story of a marriage in extremis and dissects a lifetime of accrued routine, deception, and petty resentment. When it came to light that Starnone is married to the writer who goes by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/interviews\/6370\/elena-ferrante-art-of-fiction-no-228-elena-ferrante\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elena Ferrante<\/a>, critics returned to <\/em>Ties<em>, suddenly eager to read it as a counterpart to Ferrante\u2019s own <\/em>Days of Abandonment<em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Trick<em>, Lahiri\u2019s second Starnone translation, out in March, is another vivisection of family life, a novel as lean and unflinching as its predecessor. An elderly illustrator, Daniele, visits his childhood apartment, now his daughter\u2019s home, to babysit his four-year-old grandson. The boy\u2019s frenetic energy fills Daniele with foreboding, forcing him to reckon with his past and his senescence\u2014to accept that his creative powers are waning and his body is failing him.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>In a pair of phone conversations\u2014one last year, after <\/em>Ties <em>came out, and one more recently, following the publication of <\/em>Trick<em>\u2014I talked to Lahiri about the raw power behind Starnone\u2019s work; about her approach to translation and her love of the Italian language; and about balconies, which are scary.\u00a0<\/em><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>How did you come to <em>Ties<\/em>, and what made you decide to translate it?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>Well, I read it when it was first published in 2014. I was living in Rome, and I knew Domenico already. We had become friends. I had read some of his other work. A fellow writer friend of mine gave me a copy of <em>Lacci<\/em>. She bought it for herself, too, and we decided to read it together. I just remember as we were reading in our separate homes, sending constant text messages basically saying, Oh my god\u2014what about the part on page so and so? And, Oh my god\u2014did you get to the passage where he described \u2026 After I read it, I sent a text to Domenico saying, \u201cWhat a remarkable book. If I ever translate a book from Italian, I would like it to be this one.\u201d At the time, I was so immersed in my Italian project that I wasn\u2019t really thinking about moving back into English\u2014and yet this book struck such a chord in me that I couldn\u2019t forget it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>You write in your introduction about the book\u2019s sense of containment and, simultaneously, disorder. It\u2019s divided into three sections with strikingly different tones. First comes Vanda, who conveys, in a series of letters to her husband, an exacting, unsparing anger in the heart of their marriage. Then comes Aldo, the husband, who attempts to earn our compassion even as he describes his reprehensible decision to leave his family. Finally, there\u2019s Anna, one of the couple\u2019s two children, who recounts her grim upbringing with a kind of pitiless frankness. I have to imagine that these three posed a challenge to you as the translator\u2014particularly the opening section comprising Vanda\u2019s strident letters, which are almost alienating in their intensity. How did you find your bearings for these different tones in the book?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>The real challenge of <em>Ties<\/em> was these three very distinct voices. Oddly, it was Aldo\u2019s voice that felt most natural to me. Vanda\u2019s was the most challenging section. I kept coming back to it, just knowing in my gut that it was off. It was so hard to try to capture her craziness, her desperation, her humanity, her sense of humiliation\u2014that raw, unfiltered rage. But also her manipulation because she\u2019s a highly manipulative character. I think all of the characters are, in <em>Ties<\/em>. They\u2019re transparent, like open boxes, and at the same time, they\u2019re utterly impenetrable in terms of their motivation. It\u2019s wonderful to have such contradictory characters to work with, but it made it hard to settle on a register\u2014and at a certain point, you must settle, right? You have to say, There are certain words that Vanda would use and certain words she wouldn\u2019t. I was aware also of their ages. The book is set in the present day, but Vanda is almost eighty. I had to think about which words someone of that age would use to express this rage\u2014they\u2019re not the ones I might use.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>In the introduction, you write about the fertile lexicon of Italian words just for the English word <em>disorder<\/em>. Were there any concepts or words in particular that were especially hard to convey?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>Well, Starnone uses these Neapolitan words. That terminology was less familiar to me than it is now. It\u2019s in a totally different register compared to most Italian writing. I\u2019m in a very refined place, shall we say, when I\u2019m sitting down to translate Domenico because his knowledge of the language, his knowledge of the weight words carry, their etymology, their Latin roots, I mean\u2014the fact that there\u2019s a Latin dictionary at the heart of this novel is not a casual coincidence. As I say in my introduction, the book, to me, really is about language, what language contains and doesn\u2019t contain. That\u2019s the real philosophical root of the novel, in some sense. Can language even bear the weight of this mess of our lives? Is our project as writers even \u2026 possible? I was making lists, writing down lots of unfamiliar words that have slowly entered my arsenal. There\u2019s the repeated use of this adjective <em>scontento<\/em>, <em>scontontecha<\/em>\u2014which is <em>discontent<\/em> in English, but it has different shadings. A little kid might be <em>scontento<\/em> if his parents aren\u2019t paying attention to him. But <em>scontento<\/em>, this <em>scontentet<\/em>, can also speak for a much more existential sentiment. It was interesting to translate this word, apparently simple but actually very subtle, over and over again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/12\/07\/teach-yourself-italian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">piece for <em>The New Yorker<\/em><\/a> a few years ago, you said that Domenico once wrote to you, \u201cA new language is almost a new life. Grammar and syntax recast you, you slip into another logic and another sensibility.\u201d Learning Italian, I imagine, has caused a metamorphosis for you as a writer. But I wondered how translation has furthered it, or how it\u2019s changed your relationship to both languages.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>The discovery of translation has been fundamental to my sanity, coming back to the United States. It\u2019s just been so meaningful to me to have Domenico\u2019s work, in particular, to translate. It comes with this growing friendship that I find very comforting in some sense. It\u2019s also extraordinarily challenging, translating. But even though I\u2019m not writing as much in this phase, I know that the translation is feeding my creative work. Right now, I feel like my creative project is translation. It\u2019s just constant reading and rereading, on such a deep level. If you\u2019re reading anything at that depth, it brings this deep nourishment, linguistically and technically. When I see how Domenico deals with something\u2014say, indirect discourse. Or, How does he deal with time? How does he deal with description? To plow through this new territory\u2014it\u2019s very invigorating for me.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>Before it was revealed that Starnone is likely married to Elena Ferrante, an interviewer had pointed out to him the similarities between his <em>Ties <\/em>and Ferrante\u2019s <em>Days of Abandonment<\/em>. He shrugged it off but went on to note that both books feature a wife breaking a glass object during a period of separation. I wonder if you saw a connection there\u2014is there a kind of dialogue happening, if not between those two books explicitly then maybe between <em>Ties <\/em>and a larger Italian tradition?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>I remember reading these articles when they came out in the Italian press. People were immediately drawing comparisons between the plots of the two novels, arguing that <em>Ties <\/em>was kind of his side of the story, right? I\u2019ve read all of Ferrante\u2019s work, and yes, it\u2019s plausible to say that there\u2019s a similar world here. There are some elements that we see in both books, some preoccupations. A similar timeframe, also with two children, a boy and a girl. But this is a universal plot we\u2019re talking about. When <em>Days of Abandonment <\/em>came out, people were saying, This is a modern day <em>Medea<\/em>. But I think <em>Ties<\/em> goes into a different place. Aldo\u2019s tragedy, it\u2019s the tragedy of going back. It\u2019s the tragedy of not staying away. It\u2019s not the destruction wrought by the one who strays and the suffering of the one left behind.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>In <em>Ties,<\/em> Aldo has retained these Polaroids of his old lover nude. He\u2019s kept them hidden away in a box for many decades, and he\u2019s still afflicted by the thought that they might disappear, and with them his memories of a certain robust happiness. It comes to consume him. He\u2019s almost more oriented toward the past than toward any part of the present or the future.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>And it\u2019s very relevant to me in so many ways. I feel like my whole life I\u2019ve been raised by people who in some sense hold onto the equivalent of those photographs\u2014to the memory of happiness. Almost as a form of self-protection. But that\u2019s why I think this novel is its own thing. I mean, okay, you can say there are some similarities with <em>Days of Abandonment<\/em>. But that\u2019s only a very superficial reading of the book. I think this book has a completely different energy and a completely different force. And to be honest with you, regardless of who Elena Ferrante is\u2014and I admire her work very much\u2014I feel that <em>Ties<\/em> is far more sophisticated, if you want to know the truth. You don\u2019t know how to read it really. It won\u2019t let you. And as much as I admire Ferrante, I don\u2019t have that relationship to her work. It makes me think, It stimulates me to a high degree but not on this level. This book has, for me, a kind of philosophical power.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>What about the other novel, <em>Trick<\/em>? Was it a foregone conclusion that you\u2019d return to translate Starnone again?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>I wasn\u2019t planning on translating another novel by anybody right away. But then Domenico sent me the book, and as soon as I read it, it was kind of a foregone conclusion. I felt that I couldn\u2019t <em>not <\/em>translate it. I was already very much inside of his language and his characters. They\u2019re not the same in <em>Trick <\/em>and <em>Ties<\/em>, but there are a lot of similar meditations on life, aging, and the passage of time. He\u2019s looking at those things more deeply in <em>Trick<\/em>. He doesn\u2019t repeat himself at all\u2014he only enriches these questions. So I made the space and the time to do it. I translate a lot by gut at this point. There\u2019s a lot of Neapolitan dialect in <em>Trick<\/em>, and my intuition told me what to do, how to handle it. Really, it\u2019s more of a tonal thing. I felt that tone, having been to Naples and knowing a lot of Neapolitan and understanding the character of the places. What the narrator is saying in <em>Trick<\/em>\u00a0is that Naples is a highly contradictory place of incredible refinement and violence. There seems to be a kind of violence in the language but an extreme coherence too. Those sections where he\u2019s remembering being an adolescent, and the anger, the sheer rage that\u2019s in the book. Just hearing the dialect triggers something in him.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>Daniele, the aging illustrator who narrates <em>Trick<\/em>, is at work on a series of illustrations for \u201cThe Jolly Corner,\u201d a ghost story by Henry James.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>The whole novel has this extraordinary intertextual play with James, which I found ingenious, artful, profound. It got me thinking about influences, about reading and translation. It\u2019s a book that distills so many things that I\u2019ve been thinking about, a whole assembly of questions. As I said in my introduction, I found an interesting correspondence with Kafka\u2019s whole oeuvre. Talking about his influences, Domenico always mentions two authors, Calvino and Kafka. And even from the first page of <em>Trick<\/em>, I thought, Well, this is <em>The Metamorphosis<\/em>. This is Gregor Samsa trying to get out of bed in the morning. I found correspondences with <em>Letter to His Father<\/em>\u00a0too\u2014Kafka remembers being sent out on some kind of balcony for having asked for a glass of water, and this memory marks him, scars him permanently, just as Daniele\u2019s time trapped on the balcony scars him in <em>Trick.<\/em> There\u2019s all of this amazing reflection on space, on being outside, being on the balcony. Domenico\u2019s really done this extraordinary weaving of various influences.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">INTERVIEWER<\/p>\n<p>The novel presents such a haunting vision of what it is to grow old\u2014what it means to go back home.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LAHIRI<\/p>\n<p>I think<em> Ties <\/em>and <em>Trick <\/em>are both about going home\u2014and they\u2019re hellish stories about it. <em>Ties <\/em>is about the failure, the misery of return too. They\u2019re an interesting pair. I think Starnone is exploring this idea under different circumstances, one obviously much more romantically charged\u2014husband, wife, family, parenthood. But they\u2019re both about lineage. With <em>Trick<\/em>, he\u2019s writing on what it means to become an artist, to create an artistic identity. For some people, that willful transformation involves a total violent betrayal of one\u2019s family and one\u2019s origins. <em>Trick <\/em>focuses on the tension between the artist one becomes and the terror that one was not meant to be such an artist\u2014that visceral, primal fear that somehow you shouldn\u2019t be doing this, that you were supposed to be doing other things. That this was the direction of your DNA\u2014all the arrows were pointing one way, and you, somehow, with both admirable and shameful determination, forged a new destiny for yourself. That spoke to me very, very much.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Dan Piepenbring is\u00a0<span class=\"m_-7051728245034411060gmail-s1\">an advisory editor\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span class=\"m_-7051728245034411060gmail-s1\">The Paris Review<\/span><em><span class=\"m_-7051728245034411060gmail-s1\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; In 2012, having published four books and won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, Jhumpa Lahiri moved to Rome. There, she experienced what she described as \u201ca radical transition, a state of complete bewilderment.\u201d A set of preconceptions had hardened around her writing, and in Italy, Lahiri hoped to jettison these in pursuit of a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[907],"tags":[15677,13206,545,7677,4836],"class_list":["post-124385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-at-work","tag-domenico-starnone","tag-elena-ferrante","tag-italy","tag-ties","tag-trick"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jhumpa Lahiri on Her Work as a Translator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2012, having published four books and won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, Jhumpa Lahiri moved to Rome. There, she experienced what she described as \u201ca radical transition, a state of complete bewilderment.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2018\/04\/18\/the-tragedy-of-going-back-jhumpa-lahiri-on-her-work-as-a-translator\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Tragedy of Going Back: An Interview with Jhumpa Lahiri by Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"April 18, 2018 \u2013 &nbsp; In 2012, having published four books and won the Pulitzer Prize in Fiction, Jhumpa Lahiri moved to Rome. 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