{"id":123684,"date":"2018-04-02T11:00:48","date_gmt":"2018-04-02T15:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=123684"},"modified":"2018-04-02T11:34:24","modified_gmt":"2018-04-02T15:34:24","slug":"shakespeares-twitter-account","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2018\/04\/02\/shakespeares-twitter-account\/","title":{"rendered":"Shakespeare\u2019s Twitter Account"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On February 13, just after midnight, the Daily Kerouac<\/a> Twitter account tweeted, \u201cAs I\u2019m writing this, the radio says there\u2019s a foot of snow falling on Long Island.\u201d A Twitter user named Susan replied, \u201cTurn off the radio, go outside and listen to the snow.\u201d As I read the exchange, I happened to be less than a mile from Kerouac\u2019s home in Northport, New York, where, on February 13, it was not snowing. The conversation seemed suspended somewhere between now and the early 1960s, when Kerouac first wrote the lines in a letter to Allen Ginsberg. I couldn\u2019t help but picture some version of Kerouac sitting at his typewriter receiving Susan\u2019s reply on an iPhone. It was a bizarre sensation.<\/p>\n

Daily Kerouac is one of several literary tribute Twitter accounts devoted to tweeting quotes from authors. Sometimes these quotes are consecutive sentences from longer works, other times they\u2019re non-sequitur snippets chopped off midsentence. Shakespeare has at least three tribute accounts, the largest of which, @Wwm_Shakespeare<\/a>, boasts 158,000 followers. The most popular Oscar Wilde account<\/a> has upward of 160,000 followers while Sylvia Plath<\/a> has nearly 200,000 and @_harukimurakami<\/a> clocks in at 235,000. I have a personal fondness for the Frank O\u2019<\/u>Hara<\/a> account. There\u2019s a Virginia Woolf bot<\/a> that tweets quotes in Korean and a Lovecraft bot<\/a> that tweets in French. And there are mash-up accounts like @WhitmanFML<\/a>, which uses an algorithm to combine Whitman quotes with random tweets hashtagged #FML (short for f*ck my life), resulting in tweets such as, \u201cWhen the psalm sings instead of the singer but i only have the ugly pieces left of the bread #fml<\/a>.\u201d Some of these accounts are run by living people who carefully select quotes that rhyme with the outside world, and some are run by bots programmed to spit out quotes using elegant Python code.<\/p>\n

\u201cForm equals function,\u201d as writing professors love to say, and quotes on Twitter function differently than those presented in their intended context. They\u2019re recontextualized on every follower\u2019s unique timeline, bookended by anything from Trump-adjacent catastrophes to celebrity gossip to the everyday minutiae of the people you actually know. In this way, the Twitter timeline is an equalizer.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhether you\u2019re following fifty people or a hundred people or even thousands, they all [take up] the same amount of space,\u201d Mark Sample<\/a>, an associate professor of digital studies at Davidson College who has created a handful of literary Twitter bots, including the aforementioned @WhitmanFML, told me. \u201cSo seeing a tweet from Jack Kerouac or Herman Melville makes them feel like they\u2019re personalities as much as anyone else on Twitter.\u201d<\/p>\n

As a result of this sense of familiarity and accessibility, users are likely to interact with these long dead literary greats. \u201cI\u2019ve seen people do that with Herman Melville,\u201d Sample tells me. \u201cObviously [they ask] rhetorical questions; I don\u2019t think they expect an answer, but there\u2019s also something about Twitter itself that makes it easy to do that. It\u2019s easy to reply, it\u2019s low stakes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s assume everyone\u2019s in on the joke, and users who reply to Herman Melville do not expect a response. Then why ask? Sample explains that he has a friend who often interacts with his bot, Save the Humanities<\/a>. \u201cShe told me one time, \u2018I know it\u2019s never going to answer, but I just get a kick out of replying to it anyway.\u2019 It prompts her to have a thought, and so she dashes it off on Twitter and puts it out there.\u201d<\/p>\n

These quotes \u201callow the follower to take what they want or need from it regardless of what Kerouac intended,\u201d Micha Ward, the moderator of Daily Kerouac, told me. \u201cAnd for me personally, sometimes the quotes reflect how I feel on any given day.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s kind of a big Rorschach test. People want to connect what they see to what\u2019s happening in their<\/em> world,\u201d the @Wwm_Shakespeare moderator told me over the phone. \u201cI\u2019ve seen people interact with what I\u2019m putting out there, and they make it relevant to what\u2019s happening to them.\u201d In essence, people treat these tweets like literary horoscopes.<\/p>\n

\u201cI also get a lot of requests for homework help and I don\u2019t really respond to those,\u201d the Shakespeare moderator said. \u201cAnd I\u2019ve had more than one person sort of disclose infidelity, which is interesting.\u201d<\/p>\n

Once a man requested @Wwm_Shakespeare tweet a quote to celebrate the impending birth of his son, so the moderator spent about an hour searching for the right words. He sent it out, got a thank you, and that was that. But later, the man reached out<\/a> to let the Shakespeare moderator know he\u2019d had the tweet made into a plaque for his office. He sent a picture of his newborn. \u201cThat was one of my favorite interactions I\u2019ve had,\u201d the moderator told me. \u201cI was able to be a force for good in somebody\u2019s life.\u201d<\/p>\n

In my conversations with the Kerouac and Shakespeare moderators, similarities emerged\u2014both were men who worked at large, global companies, neither had a personal account, and both used their tribute accounts to comment on the world. (After our conversation, I got a shout-out<\/a> on the Shakespeare account). Daily Kerouac recently celebrated its eight-year anniversary, while @Wwm_Shakespeare has been around for nearly a decade. For a while, the Shakespeare moderator assumed he would pass the baton to a particularly engaged follower, but hasn\u2019t felt the urge to. \u201cIt\u2019s still fun,\u201d he explained. Sample, Ward, and the Shakespeare moderator each agreed that they felt more of a responsibility to their followers than the authors; they skipped over lines with content that would be deemed offensive by today\u2019s standards.<\/p>\n

The Shakespeare moderator describes his tribute account as \u201ca play in miniature.\u201d He uses Shakespeare\u2019s words to comment on the world and listens as his hundreds of thousands of followers engage.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s one thing to carefully pick and choose lines from Shakespeare to form a new dialogue, but entrusting a writer\u2019s trademark style to a computer algorithm raises interesting ethical questions. @LovecraftMix<\/a>, created by Dot Porter<\/a>, uses a Markovian text generator to identify commonly linked words in Lovecraft\u2019s work and tweet out entirely new (mostly nonsensical) sentences following the same patterns. In the not-too-distant future, what\u2019s to stop an even more sophisticated bot from hijacking a dead writer\u2019s voice and generating new books? The Shelley project<\/a> at MIT, a \u201cdeep-learning powered AI who was raised reading eerie stories,\u201d is already writing her own tales. It\u2019s said that writers live on through their work, but if there is too much of them in their words, then we might learn to clone them ad infinitum.<\/p>\n

While I couldn\u2019t ask the deceased authors how they felt about their tribute accounts, I could ask the poet Richard Siken, whose work is disseminated through the Richard Siken bot<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t know what it is. I didn\u2019t do it,\u201d he told me over the phone. It seemed I had informed him of the bot\u2019s existence. He suspected that the account was created by a fan of either the BBC show Sherlock<\/em> or the CW show Supernatural<\/em>; both fandoms embraced his poetry as the basis for memes and fanfiction. While we were speaking, the Siken twitter account tweeted, \u201cThis is philosophy. These are suppositions. If one has no apples, one has zero apples,\u201d a line from Siken\u2019s poem \u201cStill Life with Skulls and Bacon<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThat seems to be a really sensible quote; it got the sentiment,\u201d Siken said. \u201cThere\u2019s a thought that leads to it and a thought that leads away from it.\u201d He told me that blurriness between here and there and now and then was nothing new to him. He\u2019d been engaging with poetry in similar ways long before the dawn of Twitter. In \u201cFor Grace, After a Party<\/a>\u201d Frank O\u2019Hara wrote, \u201cPut out your hand, \/ isn\u2019t there \/ an ashtray, suddenly, there?\u201d Twenty years ago, when Siken was invited to a party in O\u2019Hara’s honor, he brought along a small ashtray as a joke (O\u2019Hara died fifty-two years ago).<\/p>\n

\u201cI imagine if I saw the Frank O\u2019Hara bot tweeting,\u201d Siken told me, \u201cI might respond joyfully, I have an ashtray for you! Twenty years ago, I was responding to that line in the same way.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not the poem, it\u2019s just a thing<\/em>,\u201d Siken said. \u201cIt\u2019s like when you see the detail of a painting or a tapestry\u2014you hope that the detail is something interesting, like a unicorn hoof or the face of a peasant, but if it\u2019s just the corner of a hat, then there\u2019s nothing to see. So as long as the detail is framed well, I think that\u2019s an honor. I think that\u2019s celebration.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kate Dwyer is a writer and editor based in New York.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  On February 13, just after midnight, the Daily Kerouac Twitter account tweeted, \u201cAs I\u2019m writing this, the radio says there\u2019s a foot of snow falling on Long Island.\u201d A Twitter user named Susan replied, \u201cTurn off the radio, go outside and listen to the snow.\u201d As I read the exchange, I happened to be […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1453,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[33551,971,33555,3961,33552,1435,2659,2704,126,33553,33554,2295],"class_list":["post-123684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-daily-kerouac","tag-frank-ohara","tag-lovecraft-mix","tag-melville","tag-murakami","tag-oscar-wilde","tag-richard-siken","tag-sylvia-plath","tag-twitter","tag-whitman","tag-whitmanfml","tag-william-shakespeare"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nShakespeare's 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