{"id":118854,"date":"2017-12-06T10:27:19","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T15:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=118854"},"modified":"2017-12-06T10:27:54","modified_gmt":"2017-12-06T15:27:54","slug":"literary-prize-refusal-literary-prizes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/12\/06\/literary-prize-refusal-literary-prizes\/","title":{"rendered":"The Literary Prize for the Refusal of Literary Prizes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

I first learned about the Sartre Prize from \u201cNB,\u201d the reliably enjoyable last page of London\u2019s\u00a0Times Literary Supplement<\/em>, signed by J.C. The fame of the award, named for the writer who refused the Nobel in 1964, is or anyhow should be growing fast. As J.C. wrote in the November 23, 2012, issue, \u201cSo great is the status of the Jean-Paul Sartre Prize for Prize Refusal that writers all over Europe and America are turning down awards in the hope of being nominated for a Sartre.\u201d He adds with modest pride, \u201cThe Sartre Prize itself has never been refused.\u201d<\/p>\n

Newly shortlisted for the Sartre Prize is Lawrence Ferlinghetti, who turned down a fifty-thousand-euro poetry award offered by the Hungarian division of PEN. The award is funded in part by the repressive Hungarian government. Ferlinghetti politely suggested that they use the prize money to set up a fund for \u201cthe publication of Hungarian authors whose writings support total freedom of speech.\u201d<\/p>\n

I couldn\u2019t help thinking how cool it would have been if Mo Yan had used some of his Nobel Prize money to set up a fund for the publication of Chinese authors whose writings support total freedom of speech. But this seems unlikely.<\/p>\n

Sartre\u2019s reason for refusal was consistent with his refusal to join the Legion of Honor and other such organizations and characteristic of the gnarly and countersuggestible existentialist. He said, \u201cIt isn\u2019t the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to let himself be turned into an institution.\u201d He was, of course, already an institution, but he valued his personal autonomy. (How he reconciled that value with Maoism is not clear to me.) He didn\u2019t let institutions own him, but he did join uprisings and was arrested for civil disobedience in the street demos supporting the strikes of May 1968. President de Gaulle quickly pardoned him, with the magnificently Gallic observation that \u201cyou don\u2019t arrest Voltaire.\u201d<\/p>\n

I wish the Sartre Prize for Prize Refusal could have been called the Boris Pasternak Prize, after\u00a0one of my true heroes. But it wouldn\u2019t be appropriate, since Pasternak didn\u2019t exactly choose to refuse his 1958 Nobel. He had to. If he\u2019d tried to go accept it, the Soviet government would have promptly, \u00a0enthusiastically arrested him and sent him to eternal silence in a gulag in Siberia.<\/p>\n

I refused a prize once. My reasons were mingier than Sartre\u2019s, though not entirely unrelated. It was in the coldest, insanest days of the Cold War, when even the little planet Esseff was politically divided against itself. My novelette The Diary of the Rose <\/em>was awarded the Nebula Award\u00a0by the Science Fiction Writers of America. At about the same time, the same organization deprived the Polish novelist Stanislaw Lem of his honorary membership. There was a sizable contingent of Cold Warrior members who felt that a man who lived behind the iron curtain and was rude about American science fiction must be a Commie rat who had no business in the SFWA. They invoked a technicality to deprive him of his membership and insisted on applying it. Lem was a difficult, arrogant, sometimes insufferable man, but a courageous one and a first-rate author, writing with more independence of mind than would seem possible in Poland under the Soviet regime. I was very angry at the injustice of the crass and petty insult offered him by the SFWA. I dropped my membership and, feeling it would be shameless to accept an award for a story about political intolerance from a group that had just displayed political intolerance, took my entry out of the Nebula competition shortly before the winners were to be announced. The SFWA called me to plead with me not to withdraw it, since it had, in fact, won. I couldn\u2019t do that. So\u2014with the perfect irony that awaits anybody who strikes a noble pose on high moral ground\u2014my award went to the runner-up: Isaac Asimov, the old chieftain of the Cold Warriors.<\/p>\n

What relates my small refusal to Sartre\u2019s big one is the sense that to accept an award from an institution is to be co-opted by, embodied as, the institution. Sartre refused this on general principle, while I acted in specific protest. But I do have sympathy for his distrust of allowing himself to be identified as something other than himself. He felt that the huge label SUCCESS<\/small> that the Nobel sticks on an author\u2019s forehead would, as it were, hide his face. His becoming a \u201cNobelist\u201d would adulterate his authority as Sartre.<\/p>\n

Which is, of course, precisely what the commercial machinery of best-sellerdom and prizedom wants: the name as product. The guaranteed imprint of salable success. Nobel Laureate\u00a0So-and-So. Best-selling author Thus-and-Such. Thirty weeks on the New York Times <\/em>best-seller list Whozit. Jane D. Wonthepulitzer … John Q. MacArthurgenius …<\/p>\n

It isn\u2019t what the people who established the awards want them to do or to mean, but it\u2019s how they\u2019re used. As a way to honor a writer, an award has genuine value, but the use of prizes as a marketing ploy by corporate capitalism, and sometimes as a political gimmick by the awarders, has compromised their value. And the more prestigious and valued the prize, the more compromised it is.<\/p>\n

Still, I\u2019m glad that Jos\u00e9 Saramago, a much tougher Marxist nut than Sartre, saw fit not to refuse the Nobel Prize. He knew nothing, not even success, could compromise him, and no institution could turn him into itself. His face was his own face to the end. And despite the committee\u2019s many bizarre selections and omissions, the Nobel Prize for Literature retains considerable value, precisely because it <\/em>is identified with such writers as Pasternak or Szymborska or Saramago. It bears at least a glimmer reflected from their faces.<\/p>\n

All the same, I think the Sartre Prize for Prize Refusal should be recognized as a valuable and timely award, and what\u2019s more, one pretty safe to remain untainted by exploitation. I wish somebody really contemptible would award me a prize so I could be in the running for a Sartre.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Excerpted from<\/em>\u00a0No Time to Spare: Thinking About What Matters,<\/em>\u00a0by Ursula K. Le Guin. Copyright \u00a9 2017 by Ursula K. Le Guin. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ursula K. Le Guin was born in Berkeley, California, in 1929. She is the recipient of a National Book Award, six Hugo and five Nebula Awards, and has been inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. She lives in Portland, Oregon. Read her Art of Fiction interview<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I first learned about the Sartre Prize from \u201cNB,\u201d the reliably enjoyable last page of London\u2019s\u00a0Times Literary Supplement, signed by J.C. The fame of the award, named for the writer who refused the Nobel in 1964, is or anyhow should be growing fast. As J.C. wrote in the November 23, 2012, issue, \u201cSo great is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1059,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[31966,31965,31967,9734,5867,11926,31969,4328,3507,31971,31963,200,31970,15294,31972,31968,31964,11888,9472],"class_list":["post-118854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-boris-pasternak-prize","tag-charles-de-gaulle","tag-cold-ware","tag-jean-paul-sartre","tag-lawrence-ferlinghetti","tag-macarthur-grant","tag-nebula-prize","tag-pen","tag-poland","tag-saramago","tag-sartre-prize","tag-science-fiction","tag-science-fiction-writers-of-america","tag-stanislaw-lem","tag-szymborska","tag-the-diary-of-the-rose","tag-times-literary-supplement","tag-ursula-le-guin","tag-voltaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Literary Prize for the Refusal of Literary Prizes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"So great is the status of the Sartre Prize for Prize Refusal that writers all over are turning down awards in the hope of being nominated.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/12\/06\/literary-prize-refusal-literary-prizes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Literary Prize for the Refusal of Literary Prizes by Ursula K. 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