{"id":116066,"date":"2017-09-27T13:00:41","date_gmt":"2017-09-27T17:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=116066"},"modified":"2017-09-29T16:40:50","modified_gmt":"2017-09-29T20:40:50","slug":"picabias-covers-andre-bretons-literary-magazine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/09\/27\/picabias-covers-andre-bretons-literary-magazine\/","title":{"rendered":"Picabia\u2019s Covers for Andr\u00e9 Breton\u2019s Literary Magazine"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

The cover of\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> from May 10, 1923.<\/p><\/div>\n

Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>, founded in 1919 by Andr\u00e9 Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon, was couched as an innocent literary journal, but it was known for its avant-garde writings and critiques. In March 1922, Andr\u00e9 Breton launched Litt\u00e9rature: New Series. <\/em>He asked his friend, the shape-shifting artist Francis Picabia, to create drawings for the covers. Ultimately, only nine of Picabia\u2019s twenty-six covers were chosen and published. The rest remained in an envelope dated August 8, 1923. They were unseen by the wider public until 2008, when they were presented by Breton\u2019s daughter, Aube Breton-Ell\u00e9ou\u00ebt, at the Galerie 1900-2000, in Paris.<\/p>\n

In an essay accompanying exhibition, \u201cIn Praise of the \u2018Funny Guy,\u2019\u00a0Inventor of Pop Art,\u201d Jean-Jacques Lebel argued that these cover illustrations foreshadowed Pop Art. He credited Picabia with \u201cthe transformation of a commercial strategy into a subversive artistic practice.\u201d Picabia\u2019s work provided an early, wicked critique of the art and literature industries.<\/p>\n

In a letter from Marcel Duchamp to Breton in 1922, Duchamp wrote that the scandalous nature of Picabia\u2019s images, many of which associate sex and religion, made it difficult for him to distribute Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> in New York; vendors were reluctant to display it in public. So Duchamp distributed it among his friends instead.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>The cover of\u00a0Francis Picabia: Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>.<\/p>\n

These covers have been republished in a\u00a0limited edition of five hundred\u00a0copies by Small Press Books. Francis Picabia: Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>\u00a0was exhibited at the\u00a0MoMA PS1 New York Art Book Fair this past weekend. <\/em>It includes the first chapter of Piacabia’s “lost” novel Caravans\u00e9rail, <\/em>translated into English for the first time by Lauren Elkin.\u00a0Below, some excerpts of the covers:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

The cover of\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> from October 5, 1922.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Many of Picabia\u2019s drawings feature simian figures. It\u2019s a riff on the long history of monkeys in still-life painting. In this image, the baboon head obscures the sex of a reclining muse or saint (the face appears to be that of an old man.) His\/her hand is stroking its fur erotically. A horse, a common phallic symbol, with a cropped tail rears up in the background. A halo surrounds the character\u2019s portrait with the words, \u201cNul n\u2019est cense ignorer,\u201d meaning \u201cNo one is supposed to ignore.\u201d A common theme in these drawings is the relations between men and women and, at the same time, the fluidity of gender. (Another drawing features bubbles with the words \u201cpair\u201d and \u201cimpair\u201d\u2014literally \u201ceven\u201d and \u201codd,\u201d but the wordplay on pairs and un-pairs is likely intentional.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

The cover of\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> from December 7, 1922.<\/p><\/div>\n

Here, literature<\/em>\u00a0is divided into two words in thick all-caps type: LITS<\/small>, which means \u201cbeds,\u201d and RATURES,<\/small> which means \u201cmistakes\u201d (or, more literally, a crossed-out word on a page). A tiny ET<\/small> (\u201cand\u201d) is in a heart between two outlines of the soles of men\u2019s\u00a0dress shoes.<\/p>\n

On either side are the bottoms of heels facing the opposite way, as if one could imagine two people in embrace. The female feet are improbably small. (Perhaps she is being lifted off the ground?) Within the shapes, a line-drawn coquette gazes provocatively at an older man.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

The cover of\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> from Feburary\/March 1923.<\/p><\/div>\n

A monocled strongman in high-waisted shorts, perhaps a self-portrait, balances a plate with a crouching female angel on it. His monocle is attached to his nipple, another subversive joke.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

An\u00a0unpublished\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em> cover.<\/p><\/div>\n

A woman in knee stockings brushes her long black hair and out falls the word\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>. This may be a nod toward automatic writing or a way of playfully questioning the self-seriousness of literature.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

An\u00a0unpublished\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>\u00a0cover.<\/p><\/div>\n

A goddess stands with her hands behind her back, half or her body painted black, her hair tied up in a Hellenistic bun. A tangle of lines surrounds her. One of them leads to a snakelike figure, with\u00a0Litt\u00e9rature<\/em>\u00a0written above\u00a0his beady-eyed head. This may be a reference to Eve in the Garden of Eden or to Leda and the swan. In any case, Picabia lets us know that he\u2019s not buying the sanctity of antiquity: the two balls at the end of the snake\u2019s tail are clearly suggestive.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stephanie LaCava is a New York\u2013based writer and the founder of <\/em>Small Press Books. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Litt\u00e9rature, founded in 1919 by Andr\u00e9 Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon, was couched as an innocent literary journal, but it was known for its avant-garde writings and critiques. In March 1922, Andr\u00e9 Breton launched Litt\u00e9rature: New Series. He asked his friend, the shape-shifting artist Francis Picabia, to create drawings for the covers. Ultimately, only […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2384],"tags":[10424,30775,30776,30778,20466,696,30777,24477],"class_list":["post-116066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-look","tag-andre-breton","tag-frances-picabia","tag-jean-jacques-lebel","tag-litterature","tag-louis-aragon","tag-marcel-duchamp","tag-moma-ps1-new-york-art-book","tag-philippe-soupault"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPicabia\u2019s Covers for Andr\u00e9 Breton\u2019s Literary Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many of Picabia's cover studies remained in an envelope, unseen, from 1923 until recently\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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