{"id":116057,"date":"2017-09-26T11:00:55","date_gmt":"2017-09-26T15:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=116057"},"modified":"2017-09-26T15:59:11","modified_gmt":"2017-09-26T19:59:11","slug":"john-h-johnson-black-magazine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/09\/26\/john-h-johnson-black-magazine\/","title":{"rendered":"John H. Johnson and the Black Magazine"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Let me tell you a story about Jet <\/em>magazine.<\/p>\n

In the late 1970s, I went to the African country Uganda, which was falling apart under Idi Amin. His rule was over, and he had left a mess. I wanted to see about helping sick and hungry folks over there. I got on a plane, and then onto a bus. Things were crazy, with people fighting for control of the country. A group of men made everybody get off the bus I was on. And the saddest thing was: suddenly I was looking at a nine-year-old African child with a gun, who walked up to me and said, \u201cGet up on the sidewalk.\u201d<\/p>\n

A man on a bicycle jumped off and said, \u201cDick Gregory! Dick Gregory!\u201d He looked at that little punk packing the gun and said, \u201cGet outta here. You know who this man is?\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

And how did the man on the bicycle <\/em>know who I was? Jet <\/em>magazine.<\/p>\n

That man said to me, \u201cI see all your work, brotha. I just … \u201d And he started crying. Because he had read about me in Jet<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Jet <\/em>and Ebony <\/em>magazines exposed black people to the world\u2014not just the negativity but the positive things, too. We got to see black folks we had never seen, hear about black folks we had never heard of. Let\u2019s say your sister was a judge. How would I know that? Because Jet <\/em>magazine put it out there. Let\u2019s say your daddy was a scientist in California, but I\u2019m in New York. How would I know? The New York Times <\/em>wouldn\u2019t mention it. So we looked at Jet <\/em>and said, \u201cWow, this is positive stuff, not just the negative stuff about black folks that the white press was talking about.\u201d Ebony <\/em>and Jet <\/em>had black photographers taking pictures of people and things that white photographers wouldn\u2019t even have thought of.<\/p>\n

Now the little black girl in Topeka can aspire to be a judge\u2014not just because your sister\u2019s a judge but because the little girl read about her in Jet<\/em>. She doesn\u2019t know your sister, but she doesn\u2019t have to. Black folks would frame the covers of Jet <\/em>and Ebony <\/em>magazine.<\/p>\n

And who started all that? John H. Johnson. He started out poor, grandson of slaves, and before he died, in 2005, he was the first African American to make Forbes<\/em>\u2019s list of the four hundred wealthiest Americans. Because he had a vision<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

John H. Johnson commemorative stamp.<\/p><\/div>\n

He was born in 1918 in Arkansas. Where he grew up, the schools were segregated and the town didn\u2019t even have a high school for blacks. How do you like that? They\u2019d rather he didn\u2019t go to school at all than go to school with white folks. Instead of just dropping out, though, Johnson repeated the eighth grade. That\u2019s how much he wanted an education.<\/p>\n

When he was a teenager, he and his mother went to Chicago, to the World\u2019s Fair\u2014his father had died in a mill accident\u2014and they liked it so much that they decided to stay. Then Johnson\u2019s stepfather moved there, too. Johnson could attend high school there, and not only was he a good student but he was the editor of the student newspaper.<\/p>\n

The year Johnson graduated from high school, 1936, the Urban League had a dinner, and Johnson was one of the speakers. One of the people listening was Harry Pace, the president of the Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Company. Johnson impressed Pace so much that Pace gave him a job: editor of the company\u2019s magazine. Black folks were the ones who had insurance policies with the company. When Johnson was putting the magazine together, he made sure to include stories he had found in other publications, stories about blacks. Then, after a while, he got an idea. What if he started his own magazine for black people? Like every other business idea, this one called for some money. He asked his mother for help, and she made him get a five hundred dollar loan, with her furniture as security. So now Johnson had <\/em>to succeed\u2014or else his mama wouldn\u2019t have anything to sit on!<\/p>\n

Johnson didn\u2019t even have a magazine yet when he asked twenty thousand of the insurance company\u2019s policyholders to pay two dollars each to subscribe to it. Around three thousand of them did. That\u2019s how he started Negro Digest<\/em>, in 1942\u2014it was inspired by Reader\u2019s Digest<\/em>. He took the best of what was happening with black folks around the country and put it in the magazine. Inside of a year, the magazine had a circulation of fifty thousand. Johnson\u2019s two biggest ideas were still to come, though. He decided he wanted to have a magazine to show black and <\/em>white folks that blacks did all the things everybody else did, from running businesses to having beauty contests. (That shouldn\u2019t have been news, but it was.) That magazine was Ebony<\/em>, which he launched in 1945. At its height, it had a circulation of over two million. Today, it\u2019s got a circulation of 1.27 million.<\/p>\n

Then came Jet<\/em>, which Johnson started in 1951. That was for high-profile black people\u2014politicians, athletes, socialites, entertainers. Black people could read that and have something to be proud of\u2014not just from history but from what was going on right then.<\/p>\n

That was Johnson\u2019s fantastic contribution. All of it came through his vision.<\/p>\n

But he didn\u2019t stop there, either. He started a magazine for kids called Ebony Jr! <\/em>and another one called African American Stars<\/em>. And if that wasn\u2019t enough, his company published books, and he bought two radio stations\u2014he was the first black person in Chicago to own any kind of broadcasting company. Plus, in 1958, he started the Ebony <\/em>Fashion Fair. His wife, Eunice, ran it. Even today, most fashion and makeup companies don\u2019t put their products out there with black folks in mind, and in 1958, most folks weren\u2019t even thinking about it. But Johnson was. The Ebony <\/em>Fashion Fair turned into the biggest traveling fashion show on the planet, and since then, it has raised over fifty million dollars for the United Negro College Fund and other charities.<\/p>\n

In 1957, Johnson went on a goodwill tour of nine countries in Africa with Richard Nixon, who was vice president of the United States at the time. In 1961, President Kennedy made Johnson a special U.S. ambassador to C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire after it became independent. In 1995, Bill Clinton gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He got the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP in 1966.<\/p>\n

Not bad for a boy growing up with no access to high school.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dick Gregory\u00a0was a comedian, civil-rights activist,\u00a0occasional actor, social critic, entrepreneur, and writer.<\/em><\/p>\n

Excerpted from <\/em>Defining Moments in Black History: Reading Between the Lies. Copyright 2017 by Dick Gregory. Published with permission from Amistad Press and HarperCollins Publishers.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Let me tell you a story about Jet magazine. In the late 1970s, I went to the African country Uganda, which was falling apart under Idi Amin. His rule was over, and he had left a mess. I wanted to see about helping sick and hungry folks over there. I got on a plane, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1260,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[30764,19806,30763,30766,30767,19807,29874,30765,30761,25510,30762],"class_list":["post-116057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts-culture","tag-african-american-stars","tag-ebony","tag-ebony-jr","tag-harry-pace","tag-idi-amin","tag-jet","tag-naacp","tag-negro-digest","tag-president-kennedy","tag-uganda","tag-united-negro-college-fund"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJohn H. 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