{"id":111119,"date":"2017-05-23T08:51:36","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T12:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=111119"},"modified":"2017-05-23T11:01:19","modified_gmt":"2017-05-23T15:01:19","slug":"the-president-is-a-computer-and-other-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/05\/23\/the-president-is-a-computer-and-other-news\/","title":{"rendered":"The President Is a Computer, and Other News"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_111120\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/tandy1000.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111120\" class=\"wp-image-111120 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/tandy1000.jpg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/tandy1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/tandy1000-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/tandy1000-768x424.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 62.5em) 67vw, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-111120\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Donald J. Trump, right, with boyhood friend.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the president pass the Turing test? I\u2019m afraid not. When I listen to his answers to basic questions and compare those answers to a real human\u2019s, it\u2019s plain to see that he\u2019s a computer\u2014most likely, my research suggests, a Tandy 1000 EX purchased from a RadioShack in Secaucus, New Jersey, sometime in December 1986. If this is the case, it explains a lot of his more mystifying decision-making procedures. The neurologist Robert A. Burton sees plenty of evidence that the president uses machine learning, making him a rudimentary artificial intelligence: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/22\/opinion\/donald-trump-our-ai-president.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">Trump doesn\u2019t operate within conventional human cognitive constraints, but rather is a new life form, a rudimentary artificial intelligence-based learning machine<\/a>. When we strip away all moral, ethical and ideological considerations from his decisions and see them strictly in the light of machine learning, his behavior makes perfect sense. Consider how deep learning occurs in neural networks such as Google\u2019s DeepMind or IBM\u2019s Deep Blue and Watson. In the beginning, each network analyzes a number of previously recorded games, and then, through trial and error, the network tests out various strategies. Connections for winning moves are enhanced; losing connections are pruned away. The network has no idea what it is doing or why one play is better than another. It isn\u2019t saddled with any confounding principles such as what constitutes socially acceptable or unacceptable behavior or which decisions might result in negative downstream consequences &#8230; As there are no lines of reasoning driving the network\u2019s actions, it is not possible to reverse engineer the network to reveal the \u2018why\u2019 of any decision.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>There\u2019s a new Haruki Murakami book out, and, as Christian Lorentzen notes, you can pretty much guess how it\u2019s gonna go: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vulture.com\/2017\/05\/what-is-it-about-haruki-murakami-that-mesmerizes-people.html\" target=\"_blank\">In the novels there will always be cats, mundane kitchen activities, dingy barrooms, pop and\/or classical theme tunes set against a surreal, Manichaean danger zone into which the humble yet increasingly resourceful hero must plunge in search of what he\u2019s missing, most likely to find something else<\/a>. The hero will spend some time at the bottom of a well, or some other deep and lonely space. His mind and heart will be tugged between desire for an ethereal, spiritual woman (usually the one who\u2019s gone missing) and attraction to a sassy, sexy, down-to-earth gal (who at first seems more like a sidekick on his vision quest but may turn out to be just what he needed all along) \u2026 There\u2019s always a bit of Chandler, Kafka, and Salinger mixed into Murakami\u2019s fiction, and it\u2019s tempting to say that the Salinger quotient has been growing too pronounced. But for all the dark elements at play in Murakami\u2019s book\u2014rape, murder, suicide, incest, mental illness, war trauma, etc.\u2014Salinger\u2019s vision of adolescence and arrested development in the Glass family stories is ultimately darker.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tobi Haslett looks at the life of Diana Trilling, now the subject of a new biography\u2014and too often overshadowed by her husband, Lionel: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2017\/05\/29\/the-feuds-of-diana-trilling\" target=\"_blank\">She and Lionel were part of a milieu that, in the nineteen-thirties, had looked to the theories of Marx and Freud for insights into human character and the fate of society\u2014but, save for a brief flirtation, she had little use for Marx<\/a>. Instead, she immersed herself in the Freudian universe of deep, growling desires, her mind pitched at the ego\u2019s involutions and attachments \u2026 The persistent difficulty of her intellectual life\u2014the fact that gripped and transfixed her, and that prompted her most pained, scrambled responses\u2014was her status as a woman. As the wife of a famous intellectual, she was often seen as Lionel\u2019s acolyte or appendage. Though she disdained second-wave feminism, she was not an anti-feminist; there is no ignoring the confident ferocity of her mind. She took a radical pleasure in self-assertion, but she asserted herself against radicalism. Her idea of liberation was a willed but gracious enlargement of women\u2019s roles, a process that somehow needn\u2019t bother with the so-called privileges of men.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Maggie Nelson talks about her book <em>The Red Parts<\/em>, which tells her aunt\u2019s murder in the late sixties and the arduous trial that followed. Published in 2005, the book is enjoying something of a resurgence as it arrives in the UK for the first time: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2017\/may\/21\/argonauts-maggie-nelson-the-red-parts-interview-rachel-cooke?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other\" target=\"_blank\">At the time, a lot of people told me it was very dark<\/a>. I couldn\u2019t see that then: I was so close to the material. But I can now: that intensity, the way the story had become my life. I\u2019ve some compassion for myself as I was then. What I call [in the book] \u2018murder mind\u2019 had come to feel almost normal and run of the mill \u2026 The book is really a long critique of catharsis. But the irony is that my catharsis was writing down that there is no catharsis. The stories we tell ourselves don\u2019t heal us, but I also think that if I hadn\u2019t written it, I wouldn\u2019t have processed the experience: writers tend to be people who process things by writing. The problems of the book don\u2019t weigh on me so heavily now.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Kwame Anthony Appiah looks back at Chinua Achebe: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2017\/05\/22\/the-achievement-of-chinua-achebe\/\" target=\"_blank\">He found a way to represent for a global Anglophone audience the diction of his Igbo homeland, allowing readers of English elsewhere to experience a particular relationship to language and the world in a way that made it seem quite natural\u2014transparent, one might almost say<\/a>. Achebe enables us to hear the voices of Igboland in a new use of our own language. A measure of his achievement is that Achebe found an African voice in English that is so natural its artifice eludes us \u2026 Writing in Nigeria at the beginning of a new period of independence, Achebe believed that the writer\u2019s contribution was to give his or her people a usable past, to recover their dignity in the face of a colonial culture that deprived them, in moments like these, of a decent self-respect. He wanted not to deny that colonization had changed his homeland deeply and irrevocably but to claim that, despite all this, there were profound continuities with the precolonial past to draw on.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today\u2019s roundup: Trump as the artificial-intelligence president; a new Murakami book a lot like old Murakami books; and more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2512],"tags":[1980,3870,1981,5825,2081,28919,16752,28920,14219],"class_list":["post-111119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-on-the-shelf","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-chinua-achebe","tag-computers","tag-diana-trilling","tag-haruki-murakami","tag-machine-learning","tag-maggie-nelson","tag-the-red-parts","tag-turing-test"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The President Is a Computer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In today\u2019s arts and culture news: Trump as the artificial-intelligence president; 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