{"id":108791,"date":"2017-03-15T14:11:06","date_gmt":"2017-03-15T18:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=108791"},"modified":"2017-03-16T14:57:58","modified_gmt":"2017-03-16T18:57:58","slug":"five-public-cases-on-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Five Public Cases on Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Occasionally, our correspondent Anthony Madrid composes a set of quasi-koans; these are his latest. (Read his previous \u201cpublic cases\u201d here<\/a> and here<\/a>.)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Public Case 1: Anxieties<\/strong><\/p>\n

Our teacher said: \u201cAnxieties about one\u2019s intelligence are never anxieties about one\u2019s intelligence. What\u2019s actually at issue is whether we inspire envy in others (very acceptable), or whether we are ourselves obliged to feel envy (un<\/em>acceptable). Those are the actual stakes. No one frets about whether her brain is adequate to the tasks of her life.\u201d<\/p>\n

Comment<\/strong>. An old trick. Teacher boldly admits he is mean and vain; therefore he may call you mean and vain. But how much does he really want to enlighten his students, if his method for combating vanity is to humiliate <\/em>it? He says, in effect: \u201cYou are conning yourself. You pretend to worry about how smart you are, so you may seem\u2014to yourself<\/em>\u2014to be honest and humble. You know for a fact people think you\u2019re smart, but that\u2019s not good enough; you want \u2019em to suffer \u2026 \u201d Upshot: everyone walks away having exempted themselves from the criticism, and firmly identifying with the authority figure. In short, meaner and vainer than ever.\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Public Case 2: Properly Trained Prevails<\/strong><\/p>\n

An obnoxious, self-righteous, virginal male nerd in our class said: \u201cSuppose you tell me to change the oil in my car and I do it wrong. Then you take the car to a mechanic and he changes the oil properly. Does this show the mechanic has a higher IQ than I have? Not at all. It only shows that a trained person can do well what an untrained person cannot. It is the same with all tests, all school, all tasks. Properly Trained prevails\u2014that\u2019s all.\u201d<\/p>\n

Somebody said: \u201cBut what if we give two people the exact same training \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n

The nerd interrupted: \u201cNever happens! You would have to give them identical lives, down to the smallest detail, so their personalities were equally open\u2014or closed, for that matter\u2014to the thing you\u2019re trying to teach them.\u201d<\/p>\n

Comment<\/strong>. The exciting thing about this nerd is not that he\u2019s in the right but that his conclusion does not appear to serve his own interests. Consequently, in handling the present case, people always end up trying to unmask the nerd, for they take it as axiomatic that nerds are incapable of drawing conclusions that would tend to banish the concept of \u201cgenius\u201d\u2014or indeed to demystify intelligence in any way. So either he wasn\u2019t really a nerd or he did not mean what he said. But I see another possibility.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Public Case 3: The Issue Is Whether I\u2019m Wise<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u201cOne of the great experiences of my life happened one day when I was nineteen or twenty, walking on campus at my school. I was going over the evidence as to whether or not I was especially intelligent when suddenly I realized it didn\u2019t even matter. No one else was going to get any better grip on the issue of my <\/em>intelligence than I was myself, and if I couldn\u2019t decide my own case, then nobody else could decide it either. Moreover, the only way the truth would do me any good would be if there were some outward and unambiguous sign\u2014and such signs do not exist.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014\u201cHmm! That\u2019s funny, I had the exact same experience, only I thought: Eh, who cares if I\u2019m smart or not? The issue is whether I am wise<\/em>. And since I was nineteen, I was very content with this conclusion, for I judged myself to be very <\/em>wise \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n

Comment<\/strong>. The second person is mocking the first, but not wickedly. She\u2019s quite gentle. I doubt the gently mocked person got the point.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Public Case 4: Three Chili Peppers<\/strong><\/p>\n

Our charismatic, unshaven, three-chili-pepper\u2013hot instructor said: \u201cAll IQ-mongers are fools. There is no way to differentiate native brain power beyond three levels: Specially Good, Pretty Much Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks they can subdivide those categories any further is mistaking knowledge or curiosity or cocksureness for intelligence. I can\u2019t even tell the difference between Good and Normal half the time!\u201d<\/p>\n

One of the hostile students said: \u201cBut I take it you are confident you can tell Good from Not So Good?\u201d<\/p>\n

Our instructor responded: \u201cAh, I see where you\u2019re going with this. I see what you did there \u2026 \u201d<\/p>\n

Comment<\/strong>. Where was the hostile student going? What did she \u201cdo\u201d there? If you can answer these questions promptly, does that mean you <\/em>cannot possibly be in the third category yourself?<\/p>\n

At our school, there was a trend among the students of claiming to be fools, blockheads, or incompetents. I remember no case where I thought: Ah, but here is an actual blockhead pretending to be a blockhead<\/em>. It always seemed to me that she who pretends <\/em>cannot have a low rank.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Public Case 5: We Mutter to Dissect<\/strong><\/p>\n

One of the students said: \u201cGiven the nature of human vanity, doesn\u2019t it stand to reason that everyone thinks they\u2019re smarter than they really are?\u201d<\/p>\n

Somebody muttered: \u201cNice try.\u201d<\/p>\n

The first person said: \u201cWhy do you say that?\u201d<\/p>\n

The mutterer said: \u201cWell, do you also believe people think they\u2019re taller <\/em>than they really are? Does that, too, stand to reason, given the nature of human vanity?\u201d<\/p>\n

Comment<\/strong>. Mutterers are a remarkable lot. Sometimes, as here, they bait a hook with a mutter, hoping to land a fish. They long to be challenged; it\u2019s then that they set to work. Such mutterers are cunning rhetoricians.<\/p>\n

By contrast, the honest <\/em>mutterer does not design to be heard by others. Words escape her lips more or less involuntarily, simply because an illegal thought must use some force to break free from its bonds, and so will sometimes throw itself through the wall of the face, by a kind of overshooting. So, for such mutterers, muttering provides a chance to find out what they themselves think, which is honorable enough. Probably all of Rochefoucauld\u2019s maxims started as mutterings in this way.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Anthony Madrid<\/a> lives in Victoria, Texas. <\/em>His second book of poems is called <\/em>Try Never<\/a>\u00a0(Canarium Books, 2017). He is a correspondent for the\u00a0<\/em>Daily.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1005,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22700],"tags":[7009,14578,27845,27843,16889,27713,27842,23219,14184,7221,165,24775,27711,1457,15669,27844],"class_list":["post-108791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-our-correspondents","tag-anxiety","tag-brains","tag-cocksureness","tag-dissection","tag-honesty","tag-intelligence","tag-iq","tag-koans","tag-pedagogy","tag-poems","tag-poetry","tag-public-cases","tag-smarts","tag-teaching","tag-training","tag-value-judgment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Does It Mean to Be Smart? Five Koans on Intelligence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Five Public Cases on Intelligence by Anthony Madrid\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"March 15, 2017 \u2013 \u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"876\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"717\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anthony Madrid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anthony Madrid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Anthony Madrid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ff28732ebcbdac8b865bc16ad5887c2e\"},\"headline\":\"Five Public Cases on Intelligence\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\"},\"wordCount\":1051,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"anxiety\",\"brains\",\"cocksureness\",\"dissection\",\"honesty\",\"intelligence\",\"IQ\",\"k\u014dans\",\"pedagogy\",\"poems\",\"poetry\",\"public cases\",\"smarts\",\"teaching\",\"training\",\"value judgment\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Our Correspondents\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\",\"name\":\"What Does It Mean to Be Smart? Five Koans on Intelligence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Five Public Cases on Intelligence\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"The Paris Review\",\"description\":\"The best prose, interviews, poetry, and art. Since 1953.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Paris Review\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png\",\"width\":696,\"height\":696,\"caption\":\"The Paris Review\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/parisreview\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/parisreview\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ff28732ebcbdac8b865bc16ad5887c2e\",\"name\":\"Anthony Madrid\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/549efa5a01d55301426f5af7f96efcdad383944e916201d24ebb62c4e26da542?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/549efa5a01d55301426f5af7f96efcdad383944e916201d24ebb62c4e26da542?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Anthony Madrid\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/author\/anthony-madrid\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What Does It Mean to Be Smart? Five Koans on Intelligence","description":"\u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Five Public Cases on Intelligence by Anthony Madrid","og_description":"March 15, 2017 \u2013 \u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/","og_site_name":"The Paris Review","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/","article_published_time":"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":876,"height":717,"url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Anthony Madrid","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@parisreview","twitter_site":"@parisreview","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Anthony Madrid","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/"},"author":{"name":"Anthony Madrid","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ff28732ebcbdac8b865bc16ad5887c2e"},"headline":"Five Public Cases on Intelligence","datePublished":"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00","dateModified":"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/"},"wordCount":1051,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg","keywords":["anxiety","brains","cocksureness","dissection","honesty","intelligence","IQ","k\u014dans","pedagogy","poems","poetry","public cases","smarts","teaching","training","value judgment"],"articleSection":["Our Correspondents"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/","name":"What Does It Mean to Be Smart? Five Koans on Intelligence","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg","datePublished":"2017-03-15T18:11:06+00:00","dateModified":"2017-03-16T18:57:58+00:00","description":"\u201cThere\u2019s no way to differentiate brain power beyond Good, Normal, and Not So Good. Anyone who thinks otherwise is mistaking cocksureness for intelligence.\u201d","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ludo_scacorum_f.6r.jpeg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/03\/15\/five-public-cases-on-intelligence\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Five Public Cases on Intelligence"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/","name":"The Paris Review","description":"The best prose, interviews, poetry, and art. Since 1953.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization","name":"The Paris Review","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-square.png","width":696,"height":696,"caption":"The Paris Review"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/","https:\/\/x.com\/parisreview","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/parisreview"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ff28732ebcbdac8b865bc16ad5887c2e","name":"Anthony Madrid","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/549efa5a01d55301426f5af7f96efcdad383944e916201d24ebb62c4e26da542?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/549efa5a01d55301426f5af7f96efcdad383944e916201d24ebb62c4e26da542?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Anthony Madrid"},"url":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/author\/anthony-madrid\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108791"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":108878,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108791\/revisions\/108878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}