{"id":107826,"date":"2017-02-16T13:52:47","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T18:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=107826"},"modified":"2017-02-16T17:54:55","modified_gmt":"2017-02-16T22:54:55","slug":"zonies-part-5-skyglow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/02\/16\/zonies-part-5-skyglow\/","title":{"rendered":"Zonies, Part 5: Sky Glow"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mike Powell\u2019s column is about living in Arizona.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Chip Simone, Universe<\/i>, 2005. Courtesy the artist and Jackson Fine Art.<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Anyone who\u2019s been here will tell you all about the light: its force, its starkness, how shadows seem to cut everything in two.<\/span><\/p>\n

I gather it\u2019s a cowboy thing, the way hard light fosters fantasies of the desert as a place where all existence struggles against an unforgiving sun. Light here doesn\u2019t just light, it judges. A pamphlet from the EPA says roughly 171 Arizonans die of melanoma each year. Only about twice as many go by homicide.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the real remarkable thing about this place isn\u2019t the light, it\u2019s the darkness. In some neighborhoods, you can walk three blocks between streetlights, losing sight of even your hands. Those short on material could build some rudimentary stand-up: I heard Tucson is <\/span>so<\/span><\/i> dark that \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

This is, they will tell you, for the benefit of astronomy, something Arizona excels in, but also for us other people, who buy into the idea of being that much closer to the stars in a romantic, chamber-of-commerce way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

We even have a group anchored here called the International Dark-Sky Association, whose mission their program director, John Barentine, summarizes as such: \u201cnot just less light, but better.\u201d Most places, he says, just don\u2019t give it much thought: it\u2019s on or it\u2019s off, the line item in a city budget subordinated to bigger concerns. Long before the IDA coalesced, Tucson started shielding outdoor bulbs from unnecessary seepage into the sky, an ordinance passed the same year the city banned smoking in movie theaters: 1972. <\/span><\/p>\n

Now the questions are about things like LED<\/small>s\u2014what type and at what setting\u2014things Barentine says most city managers don\u2019t understand and shouldn\u2019t be expected to without consultation. For the sole and simple reason that our eyes don\u2019t perceive light in the same way we use to measure it, for example, an IDA-recommended LED<\/small> looks the same to the naked eye as an old orange sodium light, with about a quarter of the impact to the sky. Later, I walked around my neighborhood, over to Main where the lights haven\u2019t been updated, then over to Stone, where they have. I saw nothing. That was the point. <\/span><\/p>\n

Not all technology is progress. Blue-rich LED<\/small>s\u2014a quiet nemesis of the IDA\u2014are cheap to operate but scatter back into the sky for the same reasons the sky appears to be blue, producing what people colloquially call light pollution but what scientists have given the unfortunately beautiful name sky glow. They installed them in Brooklyn, Barentine says, and cranked them up. People said it looked like the mothership had landed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nature doesn\u2019t know what to make of it. Night-hunting birds crash into towers, while turtle hatchlings in coastal Florida, who, accustomed to wandering toward a moonlit ocean, instead wander toward cities and into traffic. Insects swarm uncommonly around blue light, making it a boon for spiders. <\/span><\/p>\n

What we know seems bad. What we don\u2019t yet seems worse. In 2016, the American Medical Association ventured that prolonged exposure to artificial blue-rich light might contribute to everything from the disruption of circadian rhythms to breast cancer. I still take my computer to bed, and how it shines. The difference is that I now imagine telling my grandchildren that none of us ever thought it would really be a problem, like a cigarette to help that baby come. <\/span><\/p>\n

Despite contravening numbers from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, light remains a symbol of progress and safety\u2014literally the first invention of the Christian God. During the last recession, several American cities got darker, cutting power at night in order to save money. Opportunists in Detroit stripped streetlights for copper wire. One of the hardest parts of Barentine\u2019s job is advocating for darkness in parts of the world\u2014around Asia and Africa, mostly\u2014where light signals what refrigeration might have been in America a hundred years ago.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBrighter cities mean you\u2019ve made it,\u201d he explains. \u201cYou can afford to waste something. That\u2019s why, sometimes in our movement, what we\u2019re trying to accomplish has been identified as a concern of rich white people in the West. That only people who can afford to waste a resource can become concerned about the fact that it\u2019s being wasted, and then can demand its preservation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In America, we scoff for other reasons. Barentine remembers a presentation he gave to a rural community in eastern Arizona. On finishing up his talk, the town\u2019s mayor shot up, insisting that no star lover from Pima County was going to tell her or anyone else in this town what they could do on their private property. Barentine asked her what she\u2019d do if her neighbors were playing their stereo too loud. Call the police, she said. Right, Barentine said. Now imagine the music was light. <\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

Mike Weasner, amateur astronomer and chair of the Oracle Dark Skies Committee in Oracle, Arizona, has a story he likes to tell about a man he met in front of Rockefeller Center. Weasner was in New York for a wedding, wearing a large circular lapel pin that read LIGHT POLLUTION<\/small>, with a strikethrough.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat,\u201d the man said. \u201cYou want <\/span>heavy<\/span><\/i> pollution?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Weasner engaged him briefly. The man was from New York and had lived there his whole life. He figured stars were from somewhere else.<\/span><\/p>\n

Darkness is illiteracy and regression, the medium of sin. Bogeymen live in darkness and more importantly, so does the Arizona bark scorpion, which, according to a part-time daredevil and iron sculptor we bought a couch from through Craigslist, sting like a yellow jacket the size of a Chihuahua.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nothing, of course, makes darkness quite like light. That floodlight over a parking lot, for example, splashing around indiscriminately. Your pupils constrict. Suddenly, that space on the other side of that car is darker than it\u2019s ever been.<\/span><\/p>\n

But darkness is also silence and intimacy, a cozy booth without advertising. A week ago, I found myself standing at the end of a long driveway in Oracle State Park, one of about forty certified International Dark-Sky Parks in the world. Above me, the Milky Way, surrounded by<\/span> thousands of other things I don\u2019t know the name for. According to a 2016 paper called \u201cThe New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness,\u201d only 20\u00a0percent of Americans can see what I saw. The fainter the light, the longer it had to travel, the easier it is to wash out. It was the past.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

The website for Tucson Electric Power tells me the city\u2019s earliest contracts, around 1900, stipulated all artificial light be shut off during full moons. Though I like imagining our conversation, I know better than to call the power company about anything so beautiful.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instead, there are, courtesy the Arizona Historical Society, boxes of old newspaper clippings, none of which reference the moon as such but dozens\u2014hundreds, even\u2014that refer to electricity as \u201cjuice,\u201d and at least two reporting power outages caused by bullets from carelessly fired guns.<\/span><\/p>\n

One of these bullets downed a wire that whipped across the ground like a serpent, electrocuting a horse. The other, attributed to a reveler celebrating the New Year, plunged the whole city center into darkness. Phone calls flooded the police station but the officers could only apologize, noting that darkness was a phenomenon that lay \u201coutside the sphere of influence of the law.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mike Powell has written for <\/em>Grantland, <\/em>Pitchfork, the<\/em>\u00a0Ringer, <\/em>Rolling Stone,<\/em> and other places in print and online. He lives in Tucson, Arizona, and is one of the <\/em>Daily\u2019s correspondents.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

But the real remarkable thing about this place isn\u2019t the light, it\u2019s the darkness. In some neighborhoods you can walk three blocks between streetlights, losing sight of even your hands.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1106,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22700],"tags":[27331,2852,27336,27330,27335,27332,992,16886,27334,8400,27326,27333,15558,27328,26111,27327,14208,27325,27168,26114,27329,25866],"class_list":["post-107826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-our-correspondents","tag-american-medical-association","tag-arizona","tag-arizona-darkness","tag-arizona-historical-society","tag-arizona-light","tag-blue-light","tag-city-lights","tag-darkness","tag-epa","tag-essay","tag-international-dark-sky-association","tag-leds","tag-light","tag-light-pollution","tag-mike-powell","tag-night-sky","tag-pollution","tag-skyglow","tag-turtles","tag-tuscon","tag-tuscon-electric-power","tag-zonies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nArizona\u2019s Beautiful Commitment to Darkness<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In some neighborhoods you can walk three blocks between streetlights, losing sight of even your hands.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2017\/02\/16\/zonies-part-5-skyglow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zonies, Part 5: Sky Glow by Mike Powell\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"February 16, 2017 \u2013 But the real remarkable thing about this place isn\u2019t the light, it\u2019s the darkness. 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