{"id":104037,"date":"2016-10-24T00:01:49","date_gmt":"2016-10-24T04:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/?p=104037"},"modified":"2016-10-24T10:13:15","modified_gmt":"2016-10-24T14:13:15","slug":"digital-obsolescence-drag-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Obsolescence Is Such a Drag, and Other News"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_104039\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-104039\" class=\"wp-image-104039\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-104039\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miltos Manetas, <i>Jesus Swimming<\/i>, 2001. Image via the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>The history of books bound in human skin is tied, as so many terrifying things are, to the history of medicine. As Megan Rosenbloom writes, doctors in eighteenth-century France had a nasty habit of serving as arms of the state: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/laphamsquarterly.org\/roundtable\/book-its-cover\" target=\"_blank\">Doctors sometimes removed the skins of infamous murderers and used them to bind books about their deeds\u2014a fact well known enough to serve as a kind of deterrent \u2026 The increase in the number of patients doctors saw regularly gave them a greater body of clinical experience to draw upon, but it also pulled focus away from individual patients, their stories, and how those stories shaped the clinical encounter<\/a>. Michel Foucault wrote in\u00a0<em>The Birth of the Clinic <\/em>that this structure led to the development of the clinical gaze, where diagnostic science and stresses of the job contributed to doctors viewing patients as disembodied symptoms, diseases, and organs instead of as fellow human beings. The book bound in human skin could serve as an example of that tendency. Patients\u2019 skins became raw material for binding a doctor\u2019s prized books instead of the thin membrane between a human\u2019s internal workings and the outside world\u2014an erasure of individuals with families and inalienable rights.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>As a fan of early web art, I browse the Internet exclusively on a 1996 Packard Bell PC running Windows 95 and Netscape Navigator 2.0, thus guaranteeing that I see these works as their artists intended them to be seen. But evolving software and infrastructure is making it harder and harder to preserve the web art of the nineties and aughts\u2014so much so that an ambitious archival project is in order. Frank Rose writes, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/10\/23\/arts\/design\/the-mission-to-save-vanishing-internet-art.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">In the early days of the web, art was frequently a cause and the <\/a>i<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/10\/23\/arts\/design\/the-mission-to-save-vanishing-internet-art.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">nternet was an alternate universe in which to pursue it<\/a>. Two decades later, preserving this work has become a mission. As web browsers and computer operating systems stopped supporting the software tools they were built with, many works have fallen victim to digital obsolescence. Later ones have been victims of arbitrary decisions by proprietary internet platforms\u2014as when YouTube deleted\u00a0Petra Cortright\u2019s video \u2018VVEBCAM\u2019 on the grounds that it violated the site\u2019s community guidelines. Even the drip paintings Jackson Pollock made with house paint have fared better than art made by manipulating electrons.\u201d\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In which Henry James waxes rhapsodic about apple trees: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2016\/10\/23\/a-week-in-october-daily-henry-james\/\" target=\"_blank\">The apple tree in New England plays the part of the olive in Italy, charges itself with the effect of detail, for the most part otherwise too scantly produced, and, engaged in this charming care, becomes infinitely decorative and delicate<\/a>. What it must do for the too under-dressed land in May and June is easily supposable; but its office in the early autumn is to scatter coral and gold. The apples are everywhere and every interval, every old clearing, an orchard. You pick them up from under your feet but to bite into them, for fellowship, and throw them away; but as you catch their young brightness in the blue air, where they suggest strings of strange-colored pearls tangled in the knotted boughs, as you notice their manner of swarming for a brief and wasted gayety, they seem to ask to be praised only by the cheerful shepherd and the oaten pipe.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Handwriting is probably more fetishized in 2016 than it\u2019s ever been; we treasure the supposed intimacy of cursive so much that we forget the disdain that used to come with it. Mark Oppenheimer writes, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/books\/page-turner\/the-lost-virtue-of-cursive\" target=\"_blank\">I can\u2019t escape the conviction that cursive\u2014writing it and knowing how to read it\u2014represents some universal value<\/a> \u2026 This is sheer nonsense, of course. My preference is just one bit of residual snobbery in a long tradition of residual snobbery. There have been cursive scripts, created for speedier writing, at least since the Egyptian hand that the Greeks called \u2018demotic\u2019 \u2026 From the beginning, people have attached judgments to different scripts, and people\u2019s proficiency in them. Because handwriting was labor, the work of monks or hired scribes, it used to be something that the status-conscious made sure not to do too well.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Good news for academics: your writing days are over. Why bother to generate page after page of abstruse theorizing for consumption by a dwindling group of your peers? Just get your phone to do it instead. A New Zealand professor had his paper accepted by the International Conference on Atomic and Nuclear Physics; he\u2019d written it entirely with iOS\u2019s autocomplete function. And it goes like this: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2016\/oct\/22\/nonsense-paper-written-by-ios-autocomplete-accepted-for-conference\" target=\"_blank\">The atoms of a better universe will have the right for the same as you are the way we shall have to be a great place<\/a> for a great time to enjoy the day you are a wonderful person to your great time to take the fun and take a great time and enjoy the great day you will be a wonderful time for your parents and kids \u2026 Power is not a great place for a good time.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The history of books bound in human skin is tied, as so many terrifying things are, to the history of medicine. As Megan Rosenbloom writes, doctors in eighteenth-century France had a nasty habit of serving as arms of the state: \u201cDoctors sometimes removed the skins of infamous murderers and used them to bind books about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2512],"tags":[25330,24033,11477,25328,19652,17,15581,8062,25327,12582,17022,8914,153,25324,14162,8476,25326,25329,25325],"class_list":["post-104037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-on-the-shelf","tag-academic-papers","tag-academic-writing","tag-anthropodermic-bibliopegy","tag-apple-trees","tag-autumn","tag-books","tag-conferences","tag-cursive","tag-digital-obsolescence","tag-doctors","tag-french-revolution","tag-handwriting","tag-henry-james","tag-human-leather","tag-ios","tag-medicine","tag-rhizome","tag-script","tag-web-art"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Endangered Web Art of the Nineties and Aughts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This and more in today\u2019s roundup.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Obsolescence Is Such a Drag, and Other News by Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"October 24, 2016 \u2013 The history of books bound in human skin is tied, as so many terrifying things are, to the history of medicine. As Megan Rosenbloom writes, doctors in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Paris Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/parisreview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-24T04:01:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-10-24T14:13:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tpr-hadada-roundell-logo-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@parisreview\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dan Piepenbring\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dan Piepenbring\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6b16ca558fc538230f135c3220dfd3c8\"},\"headline\":\"Digital Obsolescence Is Such a Drag, and Other News\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-24T04:01:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-10-24T14:13:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\"},\"wordCount\":856,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"academic papers\",\"academic writing\",\"anthropodermic bibliopegy\",\"apple trees\",\"autumn\",\"books\",\"conferences\",\"cursive\",\"digital obsolescence\",\"doctors\",\"French revolution\",\"handwriting\",\"Henry James\",\"human leather\",\"iOS\",\"medicine\",\"Rhizome\",\"script\",\"web art\"],\"articleSection\":[\"On the Shelf\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\",\"name\":\"The Endangered Web Art of the Nineties and Aughts\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-24T04:01:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-10-24T14:13:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"This and more in today\u2019s roundup.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/webart.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/2016\/10\/24\/digital-obsolescence-drag-news\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Digital Obsolescence Is Such a Drag, and Other News\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"The Paris Review\",\"description\":\"The best prose, interviews, poetry, and art. 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